Bitcoin pulse, guides and news: 01/30/19

Wednesday, January 30, 2019

Bitcoin SV (BSV) Daily Price Forecast – January 31 - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/bitcoin-sv-bsv-daily-price-forecast-january-31/

[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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[uncensored-r/Bitcoin] How to Install qPocket | qPocket User Guide ???? #qPocket_installation

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[removed]

[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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Bitcoin is a once-in-lifetime event and people who don't like it are only sour because they missed out

If you don't like bitcoin but haven't bothered to educate yourself then you don't deserve the huge gains on offer. You missed out - big time - but don't worry, you're not alone. There's 100 of you for every 1 who believed.

[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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Florida Appeals Court Overturns State v. Espinoza, Bitcoin May Be Money After All

In 2016, a Florida judge dismissed money laundering and illegal money transmission charges against a bitcoin trader, arguing that bitcoin wasn’t covered by state statutes. Today, an appeals court reversed that decision.

From January through February of 2014, Michell Espinoza was unknowingly selling A type of cryptocurrency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, operating independently of a central bank. This term may also be used to reference either the network, protocol, or actual cryptocurrency.

“ style=”box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none !important; cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(149, 109, 193); position: relative;”>bitcoin to undercover agents with the Miami Police Department, which was working with the US Secret Service. Though one of the undercover detectives with Miami PD had implied that the bitcoin would be used to buy stolen credit card numbers, Espinoza continued with the sales, charging A transaction is a particular action that takes place on the blockchain. In a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else; in other systems actions like registering domain names, making and fulfilling trade offers and activating contracts are also valid transaction types.” style=”box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none !important; cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(149, 109, 193); position: relative;”>transaction fees for the privilege. He was subsequently charged with money laundering and illegal money transmission.

But in July 2016, Judge Teresa Mary Pooler of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida dismissed those charges. Espinoza, she indicated in her ruling, couldn’t be punished under existing Florida statutes because bitcoin isn’t legally money:

“Bitcoin may have some attributes in common with what we commonly refer to as money, but differ in many important aspects. While Bitcoin can be exchanged for items of value, they are not a commonly used means of An online marketplace which facilitates the exchange of crypto or fiat currencies based on the market exchange rate. “ style=”box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none !important; cursor: auto; border: none !important; position: relative; pointer-events: none !important;”>exchange … Their high A measure of how dynamic price movements are over time, for an asset like Ether or other virtual currency.” style=”box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none !important; cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(149, 109, 193); position: relative;”>volatility is explained by scholars as due to their insufficient liquidity, the uncertainty of future value, and the lack of a stabilization mechanism. With such volatility they have a limited ability to act as a store of value, another important attribute of money.” She continued:

“[I]t is very clear, even to someone with limited knowledge in the area, that Bitcoin has a long way to go before it is the equivalent of money.” Moreover, she put the onus on the legislature to create statues that more specifically address bitcoin and other virtual currencies:

“The Florida Legislature may choose to adopt statutes regulating virtual currency in the future. At this time, however, attempting to fit the sale of bitcoin into a statutory scheme regulating money services businesses is like fitting a square peg in a round hole.” Perhaps unsurprisingly, the Refers to a summarized snapshot of all balances and data at a particular point in time on the blockchain, normally referring to the condition arrived at by the most recent block.

“ style=”box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none !important; cursor: auto; border: none !important; position: relative; pointer-events: none !important;”>state appealed the decision. In an opinion filed today, January 30, Florida’s Third District Court of Appeal reversed Pooler’s ruling on Espinoza’s motion to dismiss, stating:

“The trial court erred in dismission Count 1 [illegal money transmission] because Espinoza acted as both a money transmitter and a payment instrument seller and, as such, was required to register with the State of Florida as a money services business.” Additionally, the appellate court stated that the trial court should not have thrown out two additional accounts related to money laundering because “intent, or lack thereof, is a factual issue that should not have been resolved at the pleading stage.” The state, according to the appellate court, is “only required to provide sufficient facts to demonstrate that a reasonable jury could rule in its favor.”

Regarding the first count, the appellate court took issue with Pooler’s characterization of existing statutes as vague. Pointing to chapter 560 of the Florida Statutes, it explained that the state defines “money transmitter” as “a corporation, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or foreign entity qualified to do business in this state which receives currency, monetary value, or payment instruments for the purpose of transmitting the same by any means, including transmission by wire, facsimile, electronic transfer, courier, the Internet, or though bill payment services or other businesses that facilitate such transfer within this country, or to or from this country.”

Bitcoin, it finds, is a payment instrument:

“[B]ased on the undisputed facts, Espinoza was acting as a payment instrument seller or engaging in the business of a money transmitter, either of which require registration as a money services business under Florida law. Given the plain language of the Florida statutes governing money service businesses and the nature of Bitcoin and how it functions, Espinoza was acting as both.” Because the charges against Espinoza were dismissed before ever going to trial, the reversal means that the trial court must now hear the case.

The article is from https://www.ethnews.com/

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[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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Altcoins Discussion: Altcoin Discussion

[Altcoin Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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All regular rules for this subreddit apply, except for number 2. This, and only this, thread is exempt from the requirement that all discussion must relate to bitcoin trading.
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UK Derivatives Exchange Crypto Facilities Adds a New Revenue Share Program to Reward Liquidity - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/uk-derivatives-exchange-crypto-facilities-adds-a-new-revenue-share-program-to-reward-liquidity/

New Crypto Fund Research Shows Crypto Venture Funds Are Thriving, Despite Bear Market - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/new-crypto-fund-research-shows-crypto-venture-funds-are-thriving-despite-bear-market/

[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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Financial Advisor: Major Banks are 3233% More Expensive Than Bitcoin (current BTC/USD price is $3497.51096433)

Latest Bitcoin News:

Financial Advisor: Major Banks are 3233% More Expensive Than Bitcoin

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Blockchain | ICOs

The latest Bitcoin news has been sourced from the CoinSalad.com Bitcoin Price and News Events page. CoinSalad is a web service that provides real-time Bitcoin market info, charts, data and tools. Follow us on Twitter @CoinSalad.

So much Nonsense! Free Serendipity, Plastic Guns, Invincible SBQ, Glass Armor. How much is too Much?

I've been lurking around the forums for months at this point. 500 hours in game as of this week. Staying somewhat quiet and learning as much as I could about the game, the community, Bethesda, and more. I was willing to remain unbiased and neutral on the new update even after reading the patch notes and the mass hysteria in the wilderness that is the reddit community. After experiencing the (new) game first hand, I understand where both sides are coming from but no matter how you look at it I'm not happy. It took a trip down to the Queen to truly see what a debacle the Bethesda monster has created, but more on that later.

My concerns started before the patch even went live when I saw they weren't testing the update on PC first. "Wow, they're getting confident and taking the training wheels off" I thought. I'm all for giving people the benefit of the doubt, but when I noticed that bobby pin weights were back up I knew the floodgates were open and we were all about to drown. I get it. Small issues happen, but when you mix code from pre-fix builds to updated builds and start mixing and matching you're setting yourself up for failure. This is coding 101. I know this because I have completed Coding 101. This is similar to saving a Microsoft Word document so you have the most recent version and not the one with the title that says "PUT TITLE HERE". Benefit of the doubt gone.

Now that they were on my bad side, I decided to dig deeper. Bethesda preaches transparency. The amount of sneaky updates (some were simply re-breaking fixed issues) they put in here is truly insulting. One example of this is I just went down to do a SBQ and was met with true broken-game frustration. My Anti-armor explosive shotgun was fully repaired to 200% as was my mole miner gaunlet. For comparison purposes, I repair my shotgun in game maybe once every 4-5 SBQ runs. Now I know what you're thinking "your gun doesn't do as much damage so you fired more shots than normal". Well for you people I tracked the bullets. I typically go through around 300 shells per run. This time I went through just over 400. However during this run, I had to repair my weapon (with level 3 Weapon Artisan) TWICE! The damage done to our guns per shot seems to be SIGNIFICANTLY increased. On top of this, the Queen was managing to kill me in full sentinel armor in 2-3 swiped of her wing and everything else down there was destroying my health bar which usually rarely even moves at all. As these weren't in the notes I can't be sure, but my gut tells me it may have something to do with the White Knight, Explosive, and other nerfs. I'll leave it up to the devs to fill in the blanks here but I'm speechless and debating moving my 5 Demo Expert points into Gunsmith. Although I'm sure as soon as I respec them they'll "fix" it and make me have to respec again. Oh, and a group of 8 people over level 100 managed to get her down to about 75% health. Good luck everyone else.

What a great segway that was into the Special Nerfs, plan flea markets, and other things that we had 0 heads up on. Someone who preaches transparency might include something in their Inside-the-vault-type weekly publication to let players know of this in advance, although that would have only helped the afterburn from the pit of fire they just dumped our emotions and souls into. I almost shed a tear seeing plans I had spent countless hours hunting for being sold for caps that are decreasing in value faster than Bitcoin.

It does seem that Bethesda has graced us with something useful after all though. Apparently even if you've never ever equipped or even unlocked the serendipity perk, it will still pop up on your screen every 10 seconds or so and give you the benefits! How exciting! Almost as cool as the 2 week special weight reduction on bobby pins before their pay to win for a week strategy of selling new (slightly above average) costumes. *At this point the sarcasm is starting to leak out my left ear.*

With regard to respeccing builds (great addition to the game), we need some sort of help here. I initially created my whole build around melee because that was supposedly OP. Then the duped TSE Handmades made their way into the game so I respecced into a rifle build. Then, upon doing this, I realize the explosive weapons are bugged and can't actually kill anything and make them invincible unless you melee them. Hours leveling to respec back to melee. Then ironically enough they fix the explosive damage glitch (that has been around since FO4) in like a week. Hours and hours leveling to respec back to rifles. Anyone else see a nauseating pattern here? Well the nerf on Tuesday can be added to the endless loop of hell we've been dealing with. If I respec to melee AGAIN (Which I DO NOT want to do or play as) then how do I know the next patch won't target melee/bloodied? Transparency would help with this. Tell us what you're thinking of doing and how things are working. Otherwise all we can do is speculate and you can see how well that works. I have even offered to pay atoms or caps or ANYTHING to get a respec other than leveling. But hey, more endgame for us right??

The weight limit of 1,500 + carryweight may hinder some dupers, but will hurt far more players who just want to have an honest bank character and run a trading post which is endgame content that WE had to come up with. I get that you're trying to solve the duping crisis, but at the risk of sounding mean, the dupers and malicious players are smarter than you and will beat you every time.

I feel like I've lost the vast majority of readers by now but hopefully my witty anecdotes and sly jokes have kept some of you around. Bethesda to be honest I'm sick to my stomach writing and reading this. I'm upset for the people you've wronged from everything from the canvas bag, to the glitches, to the unwarranted bans on innocent players, to having the nerve to sell rum that costs more than $12 in a PLASTIC BOTTLE.

The sad thing is there is even more I could add but at this point I've given myself enough reason to drop the game. Kingdom Hearts 3 is awesome. Fallout has the potential to be an all-time great game, but sadly Bethesda has failed. All I can do is be sad.

To Bethesda and the Devs,

I've stuck with you through the good times and the bad. I've helped where I can and submitted over 100 bug and glitch reports and never received any acknowledgement or even so much as an automated email back let alone a thank you. You could gain more good will with words, transparency, and an apology than you would fixing the game. You can't make everyone happy with changes to the game, you can by communicating with us. I would work for you for free to make this game better and give players what you promised.

We the players are a community. You are not a part of that community any more. To be honest, I don't think I will even be a member of that community much longer and I've been with you for almost a decade at this point. Do right by the players. Honor your promises. Stop breaking more than you fix. Be better.

TL:DR

SBQ is damn near impossible even with strong players.

Weapons appear to degrade significantly faster.

Transparency is not in any dictionary that Bethesda has access to (apparently including the internet)

Serendipity is now free for all players.

Bobby pin weight reduction was a 2 week special event like the Unstoppables costumes

Damage resistance seems to be broken (with full sentinel assassins and standing still the queen killed me in 2 swipes of her wing. Used to take 3-4 to even make a visible dent in my health. Even the low level scorched were destroying my health bar which has NEVER happened).

We need some sort of way to respec other than leveling.

New weight limit destroys the endgame for high level players (they'll be out leveling for the next month to respec anyway)

Rum that costs more than $10 should come in a GLASS BOTTLE.

Kingdom Hearts 3 came out at the perfect time.

Still TL:DR

Bethesda released a broken game, tried to fix it, broke it, tried to fix it, broke it, tried to fix it, broke it, tried to fix it, kinda fixed it, tried to fix things that weren't really broken, broke it, Kingdom Hearts 3 came out, everybody left, Bethesda goes out of business

[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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[Daily Discussion] Thursday, January 31, 2019

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[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Best Blockchain Crypto Conferences In 2019: Top Bitcoin Events To Attend This Year - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/best-blockchain-cryptocurrency-event-conferences-2019/

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Bitcoin Price Analysis: BTC at $4500 Not an Impossibility (current BTC/USD price is $3489.43900184)

Latest Bitcoin News:

Bitcoin Price Analysis: BTC at $4500 Not an Impossibility

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Blockchain | ICOs

[uncensored-r/Bitcoin] Want to run a blockchain casino? Submit your application with Funfair

The following post by funsino is being replicated because the post has been silently removed.

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np.reddit.com/r/ Bitcoin/comments/alhtpf

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Funfair offers exclusive invitation for people who want to own a online casino. No fees plus keep 100% profit for first 12 months...
Want to run your own casino? submit your application below:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScm6xN2bR0USX_FtQjnTBK1xfPFU9AfgQ-pRl8uvqYGs7yUNA/viewform

Europeangaming.eu article on Funfairs casino offer:

'Funfair Technologies, the market-leading blockchain casino platform provider, has launched an unprecedented white label offer, available exclusively at ICE 2019.

FunFair will provide its white labels to a limited number of applicants, not only fee-free, but also allowing them to keep 100% NGR for the first year.

Those selected will benefit from FunFair’s licensed, live offering, consisting of the best gaming content on the blockchain, a ready-made player base and shared marketing expertise from their existing operation.

Being the first live blockchain casino platform provider and operator, FunFair is looking to support like-minded innovators with this limited time offer and accelerate the growth of blockchain gaming by leveraging partners marketing expertise in their current form.

Using the blockchain, FunFair has created a solution with negligible infrastructure costs around security, customer services, payments and KYC, allowing it to license partners at a very competitive rate, and in this case, for free, without impacting their bottom line.

New partners will be selected on completing a survey online or at FunFair’s stand, N9-135, and will see all set-up and operational costs waived for the first 12 months. Those partners, who will leverage the value of their existing brands, marketing expertise or player access to attract players to their new casinos, will also receive 100% profit for the first year.

Stefan Kovach, CCO, at FunFair Technologies said: “Our pioneering technology provides the perfect platform for those companies who wish to set up their own blockchain casino but have so far been deterred by a lack of decentralised gaming expertise or a fear around how much it would cost.

“For the right partners who share our commitment to the benefits and potential of blockchain technology, our exclusive ICE offer is the perfect launchpad. We really will do all the work, letting them keep all the profits.”

Source: https://europeangaming.eu/portal/press-releases/2019/01/29/37336/funfair-tears-up-white-label-rulebook-with-exclusive-london-event-offer/

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Best Blockchain Crypto Conferences In 2019: Top Bitcoin Events To Attend This Year - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/best-blockchain-cryptocurrency-event-conferences-2019/

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Best Blockchain Crypto Conferences In 2019: Top Bitcoin Events To Attend This Year

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/best-blockchain-cryptocurrency-event-conferences-2019/

[uncensored-r/Bitcoin] Top 10 Reasons Why You Should Invest In Bitcoins

The following post by aj_gulmayo is being replicated because some comments within the post(but not the post itself) have been silently removed.

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1. No Third Parties

No one is able to tamper with bitcoins. This is because the database stores every redundant copy of the transaction. The worst incident that can happen is where a bitcoin owner is forced to send the currency to somebody else. Since no government agency is involved, the government is not in a position to freeze someone’s wealth. This gives Bitcoin users absolute freedom.

2. No Taxes

With Bitcoin transactions, there is no third party. Even the government is not able to influence these transactions in any way. There will never be a viable way of implementing a Bitcoin taxation system. If taxes were to be paid, then it would have to be voluntary payments by the traders without any forceful influence.

3. No Tracking

Unless a Bitcoin user publicizes his or her wallet address, individual transactions cannot be traced to anyone. Apart from the wallet owner, no one else will know how many bitcoins the wallet owner has. In the event that a wallet address is publicized, generating another address is a very easy thing to do. People find this level of privacy to be very appealing.

4. Transactions Cannot Be Reversed

As with the common payment systems, the sender of money can order a reversal of the funds. If for instance you have already delivered goods to a client and he orders a payment reversal, you stand to lose a lot as a seller. This digital currency is the only payment method that has no reversal. Once a payment has been made, that’s it.

5. No paperwork

Unlike the paperwork required to open bank accounts, to transfer funds or to receive funds, Bitcoin transactions do not involve any form of paperwork. No proof of address, no ID card, and no passport is required for one to start trading in Bitcoins. What one needs is just a wallet and an address. You can have as many addresses as you want, no one limits you.

6. Appreciating Value

From a few cents when it was introduced back in 2009, Bitcoins are now worth more than $7,000. Analysts foresee that within the next 10 years, one bitcoin will be worth more than $100,000. The value of Bitcoins has been tremendously increasing. Its value more than doubled between March and November 2017. By investing in Bitcoins, you are investing in your future.

7. With Bitcoins, You Can Access Markets That Were Historically Inaccessible

In 2016, there were about 2.3 billion people that could access the internet. Most of then use mobile phone internet. Some of them are not able to access the traditional systems of money exchange. This means that such individuals are able to transact using Bitcoins because the traditional banking facilities are out of reach for them. With this, it means that bitcoin is set to grow bigger and bigger.

8. Lower Charges and Fees

Bitcoin transactions cost very little as compared to normal transactions. Since no third party is involved, Bitcoins are moved by the users between themselves without any additional costs. Through the Bitcoin online exchange platforms, one is able to transact for free. Bitcoin fee is normally 0.005 bitcoin parts for every transfer. A normal international inter-bank transfer costs hundreds or even thousands of dollars.

9. No Theft Identity

With credit cards, for instance, when you give a merchant your information, what he does is to pull the specified amount from your card. Some merchants are manipulative and might initiate more money than agreed. Credit cards are prone to hacking and identity theft. With Bitcoin, it is the opposite. The owner of the Bitcoins sends exactly the amount that he or she wants to send.

10. Immediate Settlements

Traditional debt settlements systems always take time. For bank transfers to be initiated and completed, it might take several days or even weeks, depending on the location of the two parties. Payments have to be verified, and this results in time wastage. Bitcoin transactions are completed within a few minutes, regardless of the geographical locations of the parties. By just pressing the send button, the transactions is soon completed without any unnecessary delays.

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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World Gold Council Report: Bitcoin & Crypto Assets are not a Viable Gold Safe-Haven Substitute - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/world-gold-council-report-bitcoin-crypto-assets-are-not-a-viable-gold-safe-haven-substitute/

Cryptocapital.Co May Be Crypto’s Black Swan - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/cryptocapital-co-may-be-cryptos-black-swan/

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To those who are new to modafinil, these terms may not make much sense.

A eugeroic is simply any compound that promotes the feeling of wakefulness. Caffeine is one of the most well-known eugeroics. It essentially “inhibits sleepiness.”

Modafinil is an excellent eugeroic. It increases the neurotransmitters associated with the sensation of wakefulness, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and histamine — users who take modafinil report several hours of alertness and increased focus, even after performing long and mentally exhaustive tasks at work or school.

A nootropic is a compound that boosts cognitive function. Some other popular nootropics include L-Theanine, Piracetam, and alpha-GPC.

Modafinil is considered a nootropic because it’s used to enhance memory and concentration. It boosts workflow efficiency and allows us to perform at a high cognitive level for longer than usual.

Think of it like super-charging your cognitive output.

Modafinil achieves a lot of its nootropic power through a neurotransmitter known as dopamine. This compound is responsible for many activities in the brain, one of which is the process of learning and memory. In people with ADHD, dopamine concentrations have been shown to be lower than that of healthy people, causing them, to have difficulties paying attention or focusing on a specific task.

HOW TO GET MODAFINIL

What Makes Modafinil so Popular? There are many different eugeroics and nootropic substances available. However, modafinil remains one of the most popular of them all. There are three main reasons for this:

Modafinil is a Powerhouse Cognitive enhancement isn’t a new concept. There are in fact thousands of substances with proven benefits on the human brain.

Few compare in their potency to modafinil. The effects of the drug are fast acting (around 45 minutes to 1 hour), long-lasting (6-12 hours), and profound in their effects.

Most of the other cognitive enhancement supplements take a few days of regular use before any changes in cognition are noticed, and most are very subtle in their effects as it is.

If you’re looking for something to boost your productivity, work efficiency, or memory immediately, and with a lot of force, modafinil is by far the best option.

Modafinil Has Few Side Effects The only drugs that compare to modafinil in its strength and effect profile are amphetamines like Adderall and phenylethylamines like Ritalin.

All of these drugs work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. What makes them different is their other effects.

Adderall and Ritalin both have widespread effects in the brain, which causes some negative side effects on the body.

They can cause severe insomnia, changes in social habits, changes in personality, fevers, hair loss, blurred vision, irritability, dry mouth, dizziness, and numerous other side effects. Some of these side effects can be very severe.

Modafinil, however, is much more specific in its effects, which results in fewer undesired side effects on the body.

HOW TO GET MODAFINIL

It works by increasing dopamine, as well as another system in the brain known as the orexin system. Orexin is responsible for regulating the waking portion of our “sleep-wake cycle.”

The main side effects of modafinil are insomnia and headaches. Learn more about how to avoid the common side effects of modafinil.

The negative side effects associated with other stimulants is the main reason why doctors tend to prescribe modafinil instead of these other medications to patients experiencing narcolepsy or ADHD.

There are No Rebound Effects with Modafinil One of the most significant downsides to other nootropic pharmaceuticals like amphetamines is the “rebound effect.”

A rebound effect is what happens when a medication causes a crash in its effects once it wears off. In the case of modafinil, this can cause severe depression, anxiety, and fatigue.

Amphetamines tend to have a strong rebound effect, causing depression and anxiety once the medications wear off [1]. This can have negative implications in many individuals and creates a dependency on the medication to avoid feeling this way.

Modafinil doesn’t have these effects, and most users find a gradual return to baseline as the drug wears off. This makes modafinil low-risk and doesn’t affect productivity the day after the medication is used.

Modafinil is Easy to Get In most countries, modafinil is considered a prescription-only medication, yet remains easy to get online.

This is because the prescription-only status of the drug applies more to those selling it than those buying it.

HOW TO GET MODAFINIL

In most countries, you will not find a local supplier that will sell modafinil without first submitting a prescription. Online vendors based out of countries that don’t share these same laws, however, can sell modafinil to anybody who wants it.

Most modafinil vendors export out of India. This is because the laws surrounding the sale of pharmaceuticals are very loose in this country. Thanks to the internet and our ability to ship goods around the world overnight, productivity-enhancing medications like modafinil are available to everybody.

How Much Does Modafinil Cost? Modafinil has a wide range of prices depending on who makes it, and who’s selling it.

Name brand modafinil, like Provigil®, can be very expensive. It ranges from $30-50 per dose, sometimes even more. Depending on your health coverage, some of this may be covered or reimbursed.

Generic brands, however, are often significantly cheaper despite being virtually identical.

Companies like Sun Pharmaceuticals and HAB Pharmaceuticals offer generic versions of the drug for a fraction of the price. These often cost between $0.80 and $2.80. Lower rates are available with larger order sizes (such as 300 doses at a time).

Some online vendors, offer further discounts if payment is made with Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies.

This is because credit card companies charge high fees to online vendors selling medications. If these fees are avoided by choosing to pay with cryptocurrencies, they will adjust the price with a discount to make up for the cost they didn’t have to pay to process the order.

Additionally, the cost of shipping from places like India is notoriously cheap. In some cases, it’s even less expensive to send a package from India to the United States than it is to send a package from one US state to another.

The reason for this is due to the sheer volume of shipments coming from India, and trade agreements between the two countries. This high volume brings with it cheaper container shipping costs, government subsidies, and discount deals with local shipping companies.

The same is true for many countries outside Asia, including The United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada.

Average Cost breakdown Summary of Various Modafinil Products (Price per tablet):

Provigil® 200 mg Modalert 200 mg Waklert 150 mg Cost (IN USD) $51 $1.60 $2.00 Cost (In GBP) £34 £1.30 £1.56 Cost (In AUD) $7 $2.50 $2.73 Cost (In CAD) $5 $2.09 $2.62 Cost (In EUR) €27 €1.40 €1.75

Finding an Online Modafinil Vendor There are many online vendors selling modafinil online. However, not all of them are considered good quality sources.

There are some important things to consider before deciding to spend your money with a modafinil vendor online:

Online Safety One of the major issues with online businesses, especially those located in countries with few regulations is online safety.

When you set up an account anywhere, it asks you to make a login using your email and a password. Some companies will then sell both your email and the password you chose for other organizations.

People will use your email to market their services to you in the form of spam emails; others will go deeper and attempt to use your email and password combinations on other websites to try and log in to your accounts.

For these reasons, it’s essential to choose an online vendor that has good integrity and places customer security at the top of their list of priorities.

There’s also a lot of scam websites online these days. These websites look identical to legitimate vendors but have no intention of delivering their product once the payment is made.

Signs of Poor Integrity or Scamming may Include: Lack of customer service response Payments made with insecure processing platforms Domain names with typos or strange spelling Offers that are too good to be true Payment is asked for via bank transfer (never do this) No return policy or a fraudulent return address 2. Reputability of Suppliers Whenever you buy something online, you’re putting trust into the company with your details, often with sensitive elements like credit card numbers and passwords.

For this reason, it’s important to go with a company that has a good reputation. This can be found by looking at what other people in the community are saying about them, such as on forums like Reddit, LongeCity Forums, or Blue Light forum. Review websites are also an excellent resource for analyzing a particular companies reputation.

Quality Products Some online vendors will follow through on the delivery of the products you bought but lack quality in the product that was delivered.

This is much harder to identify, especially if you have never bought from them before.

The best way to find out if the company is selling low-quality modafinil is to do some research on them online. An excellent place to start is by reading articles like this that are written by people who have a lot of experience in the modafinil industry.

Other useful resources include forums like Reddit. These websites often have large communities of people passionate about modafinil, many of which have tried numerous vendors and know what good quality modafinil should feel like.

Buying Modafinil in Different Countries The laws around modafinil can be highly variable depending on the country. As a general rule of thumb, modafinil is considered a prescription-only medication. This makes it impossible to buy it in a store without a doctor’s prescription, but it can still be purchased online from vendors operating out of other regions with more relaxed pharmaceutical medication laws.

Despite being illegal to sell without checking customer prescriptions, it isn’t illegal to order or possess modafinil in most countries.

If border security finds modafinil in their packages, they will usually send a letter to the receiving address asking that they submit a valid prescription for the medications so that it can be released from customs. If this documentation is not submitted, the drugs are usually destroyed.

In some countries, such as Canada, it’s complicated to get packages of pharmaceuticals across the border. For this reason, a mail forwarding service needs to be used to get the package across the border.

It works by sending orders to a US address, which a company will then repackage and send across the border to Canada. This has a much higher success rate than sending directly from the suppliers of modafinil. For more information on this, check out our guide to buying modafinil in Canada.

For guides on buying modafinil in other countries, check out our guides to Australia, The United Kingdom, Ireland, and Singapore.

The Verdict: Buying Modafinil Online Buying modafinil online is simple.

The first step is to find an online vendor to try out. We recommend using BUY MODA.

The second step is to decide how many tablets you want to try and determine which type of modafinil you want. The most popular options are Waklert, Modalert, Artvigil, and Modvigil.

The third step is to pay for the order. With places like BUY MODA, this can be done using a credit card, PayPal or Bitcoin. If you want to take advantage of their 20% discount with Bitcoin payments, you have to first acquire the Bitcoin from places like Coinbase or Coinbase Pro (Formerly GDAX).

Here is an excellent guide to getting started with Bitcoin.

If you’re not interested in going through this process, you can stick to using your credit card.

The fourth and final step is to wait for your order to arrive. That’s it! This usually takes between 7 and 21 days.

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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@techreview: The rising tech made popular by Bitcoin has applications extending far beyond banking and finance. Learn about blockchain's impending impact at our one-day event in May. Purchase your tickets today! https://t.co/7nxyiIaMo7 https://t.co/AeSSwjAe9k

https://mobile.twitter.com/techreview/status/1090689865736507392

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Bitcoin Price Analysis: Straight Six For the Bears (current BTC/USD price is $3485.68738806)

Latest Bitcoin News:

Bitcoin Price Analysis: Straight Six For the Bears

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Blockchain | ICOs

Review the 2019 Miami Bitcoin Hackathon Results and Winners of Fifth Annual Event

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/review-the-2019-miami-bitcoin-hackathon-results-and-winners-of-fifth-annual-event/

Why Investment Advisors Expect Bitcoin To Reach $17570 By 2023 (current BTC/USD price is $3482.56178846)

Latest Bitcoin News:

Why Investment Advisors Expect Bitcoin To Reach $17570 By 2023

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Blockchain | ICOs

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Top 10 Reasons Why You Should Invest In Bitcoins

1. No Third Parties

No one is able to tamper with bitcoins. This is because the database stores every redundant copy of the transaction. The worst incident that can happen is where a bitcoin owner is forced to send the currency to somebody else. Since no government agency is involved, the government is not in a position to freeze someone’s wealth. This gives Bitcoin users absolute freedom.

2. No Taxes

With Bitcoin transactions, there is no third party. Even the government is not able to influence these transactions in any way. There will never be a viable way of implementing a Bitcoin taxation system. If taxes were to be paid, then it would have to be voluntary payments by the traders without any forceful influence.

3. No Tracking

Unless a Bitcoin user publicizes his or her wallet address, individual transactions cannot be traced to anyone. Apart from the wallet owner, no one else will know how many bitcoins the wallet owner has. In the event that a wallet address is publicized, generating another address is a very easy thing to do. People find this level of privacy to be very appealing.

4. Transactions Cannot Be Reversed

As with the common payment systems, the sender of money can order a reversal of the funds. If for instance you have already delivered goods to a client and he orders a payment reversal, you stand to lose a lot as a seller. This digital currency is the only payment method that has no reversal. Once a payment has been made, that’s it.

5. No paperwork

Unlike the paperwork required to open bank accounts, to transfer funds or to receive funds, Bitcoin transactions do not involve any form of paperwork. No proof of address, no ID card, and no passport is required for one to start trading in Bitcoins. What one needs is just a wallet and an address. You can have as many addresses as you want, no one limits you.

6. Appreciating Value

From a few cents when it was introduced back in 2009, Bitcoins are now worth more than $7,000. Analysts foresee that within the next 10 years, one bitcoin will be worth more than $100,000. The value of Bitcoins has been tremendously increasing. Its value more than doubled between March and November 2017. By investing in Bitcoins, you are investing in your future.

7. With Bitcoins, You Can Access Markets That Were Historically Inaccessible

In 2016, there were about 2.3 billion people that could access the internet. Most of then use mobile phone internet. Some of them are not able to access the traditional systems of money exchange. This means that such individuals are able to transact using Bitcoins because the traditional banking facilities are out of reach for them. With this, it means that bitcoin is set to grow bigger and bigger.

8. Lower Charges and Fees

Bitcoin transactions cost very little as compared to normal transactions. Since no third party is involved, Bitcoins are moved by the users between themselves without any additional costs. Through the Bitcoin online exchange platforms, one is able to transact for free. Bitcoin fee is normally 0.005 bitcoin parts for every transfer. A normal international inter-bank transfer costs hundreds or even thousands of dollars.

9. No Theft Identity

With credit cards, for instance, when you give a merchant your information, what he does is to pull the specified amount from your card. Some merchants are manipulative and might initiate more money than agreed. Credit cards are prone to hacking and identity theft. With Bitcoin, it is the opposite. The owner of the Bitcoins sends exactly the amount that he or she wants to send.

10. Immediate Settlements

Traditional debt settlements systems always take time. For bank transfers to be initiated and completed, it might take several days or even weeks, depending on the location of the two parties. Payments have to be verified, and this results in time wastage. Bitcoin transactions are completed within a few minutes, regardless of the geographical locations of the parties. By just pressing the send button, the transactions is soon completed without any unnecessary delays.

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Don’t look at ATH, look at yearly lows.

Today I’d like to share one of our colleague’s story with you. We think it may inspire you during this cryptowinter. Enjoy the reading!

Hey, don’t look at ATH, look at yearly lows

The philosophy of HODLing. The background.

HODL or not to HOLD? - paraphrasing prince Hamlet, I would like to ask the question that’s been on minds of many crypto investors since December 2017. During that time we’ve seen Bitcoin (and together with it altcoins as well) rise to all time high, and significantly drop within next weeks.

Approx 1 year ago all of our friends were crazy about cryptocurrencies. Buying, selling - trading! But by the beginning of Jan 2018 approaches changed. Media started to predict the death of all cryptocurrencies, claiming they were never a proper way to invest money. “Proving” that there is no ROI with bitcoins, and that there never will be.I have to admit, during the past year I’ve sold majority of my coins. I was looking for better alternatives, trying out different tokens and trading schemes. The media got me, friends convinced me to stop what I’m doing, and fluctuating rates of various coins did the rest.

And then it hit me!

My colleague Hubert, with whom I’m working at Darb Finance trading platform - cool guy knowing all there is about crypto and very data-driven mind; all in one person - after listening to my complains and black visions of the future - simply smiled and sent me this screenshot:

original tweet of Frogolocalypse

Of course, I didn’t believe it at first - but the true purpose of investing started to appear in my head. While some might look for quick profits, many investors evaluate their projects in longer perspectives. I’m not buying a house to sell it with 50% profit after one week or even a month. That’s a long-term investment.

For some (in our case HODLers), crypto market is perceived in the exact same way. We can have positive or negative fluctuations today - but what matters is the trend. “Don’t get all fired up by other people’s excitement. Don’t fall into depression when someone convinces you everything is on fire. Listen to what they have to say - and check the numbers. Numbers don’t lie” - what Hubert said still sticks in my mind and actually, that’s what motivated me to write this post.

Don’t look at ATH, look at yearly lows.

So I looked. First, of course I wanted to double-check data for BTC. Coinmarketcap says, it’s exactly as Frogolocalyps twitted. How about ETH or LTC? Trends are the same. While All Time Highs are running like crazy confusing short-term investors; the yearly lows show us clearly that value of coins rises.

I’m not saying that all of us should stop trading and only HODL our coins now. It’s always balance between long-term trends and fast moves made on the right time. But this simple tweet and words of my friend helped me to get all new angle on how to manage crypto assets. I’m still doing some quick trading, but majority of what I have is sealed for next few years.
And that’s how I became a HODLer. Are you going to do the same? :>

XOXO, Karol J.

PS. Shout-out to Frogolocalypse - in a weird chain of events, without your initial Tweet this post could have never been created :)

website: https://darbfinance.com/

[January 30, 2019] Weekly Electra Discussion Thread!

Welcome to the /r/Electra_Currency Weekly Discussion Thread

Current important posts

ECA Officially Listed on Cryptopia! Read our announcement post here!
Check out Ruanne (ruru) and Ivan's interview with Nick Hellman on all things Electra here!
ECA to be Featured at Bitcoin and Blockchain Fair, check it out [here!]https://www.reddit.com/r/Electra_Currency/comments/8a0zly/electra_will_be_featured_at_bitcoin_and/)
Check out /u/chrispancakes51's review on Electra here! Thanks for taking the time in reviewing us, /u/chrispancakes51!

Thread Guidelines:

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Please be helpful and friendly.
DON'T DISCUSS YOUR HOLDINGS WITH OTHERS!

Daily discussions will be used for:

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[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Traders: If Bitcoin Price Fails to Remain Above Mid-$3500, Expect Rapid Fall to $2000 (current BTC/USD price is $3468.75086554)

Latest Bitcoin News:

Traders: If Bitcoin Price Fails to Remain Above Mid-$3500, Expect Rapid Fall to $2000

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Blockchain | ICOs

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Study Finds Three Quarters of Attendees at Crypto Events Are Male - Bitcoin News

https://news.bitcoin.com/study-finds-three-quarters-of-attendees-at-crypto-events-are-male/

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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List of Today's and Tomorrow's Upcoming Events

I will be bringing you upcoming events/announcements every day. If you want improvements to this post, please mention /u/houseme in the comments. We will make improvements based on your feedback.

ADD AN EVENT

If you like an event to be added, click Submit Event, and we will do the rest.

NEXT DAY UPCOMING EVENTS

Blockchains


	Blockchain Confex	January 30, 2019
Credits(CS)	Paris Blockchain Summit	January 31, 2019

Conferences


Bitcoin(BTC)	Vietnam Blockchain Confex 2019	January 30, 2019 8:34 AM - 11:35 PM

General


	Rebrand from HXX to GXX	January 31, 2019
	Roadmap Release	January 31, 2019
Nexus(NXS)	Tritium Release	January 31, 2019
CyberMiles(CMT)	On-chain MVE	January 31, 2019
AdEx(ADX)	AdEx V2	January 31, 2019
Einsteinium(EMC2)	Beta Launch	January 31, 2019
Aeron(ARN)	Salesforce Integration	January 31, 2019
Worldcore(WRC)	Debit Card Pre-Order	January 31, 2019
LEOcoin(LEO)	LEOcoin 3 Release	January 31, 2019
carVertical(cV)	API Product Launch	January 31, 2019
WePower(WPR)	Further Expansion	January 31, 2019
Pundi X [NEW](NPXS)	F(X) Mainnet Plan	January 31, 2019
NKN(NKN)	V0.7: “Meerkat” release	January 31, 2019
NeuroChain(NCC)	Testnet & Mainnet	January 31, 2019
ZelCash(ZEL)	Livenet Release	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	MasterNode Collateral	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	Consensus Change	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	Lightning Network	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	New Features	January 31, 2019

Air Drops


Ubiq(UBQ)	ESCH Airdrop #4	January 31, 2019

Exchanges


EUNOMIA(ENTS)	TOPBTC Listing	January 31, 2019

List of Today's and Tomorrow's Upcoming Events

I will be bringing you upcoming events/announcements every day. If you want improvements to this post, please mention /u/houseme in the comments. We will make improvements based on your feedback.

ADD AN EVENT

If you like an event to be added, click Submit Event, and we will do the rest.

NEXT DAY UPCOMING EVENTS

Blockchains


	Blockchain Confex	January 30, 2019
Credits(CS)	Paris Blockchain Summit	January 31, 2019

Conferences


Bitcoin(BTC)	Vietnam Blockchain Confex 2019	January 30, 2019 8:34 AM - 11:35 PM

General


	Rebrand from HXX to GXX	January 31, 2019
	Roadmap Release	January 31, 2019
Nexus(NXS)	Tritium Release	January 31, 2019
CyberMiles(CMT)	On-chain MVE	January 31, 2019
AdEx(ADX)	AdEx V2	January 31, 2019
Einsteinium(EMC2)	Beta Launch	January 31, 2019
Aeron(ARN)	Salesforce Integration	January 31, 2019
Worldcore(WRC)	Debit Card Pre-Order	January 31, 2019
LEOcoin(LEO)	LEOcoin 3 Release	January 31, 2019
carVertical(cV)	API Product Launch	January 31, 2019
WePower(WPR)	Further Expansion	January 31, 2019
Pundi X [NEW](NPXS)	F(X) Mainnet Plan	January 31, 2019
NKN(NKN)	V0.7: “Meerkat” release	January 31, 2019
NeuroChain(NCC)	Testnet & Mainnet	January 31, 2019
ZelCash(ZEL)	Livenet Release	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	MasterNode Collateral	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	Consensus Change	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	Lightning Network	January 31, 2019
PrimeStone(PSC)	New Features	January 31, 2019

Air Drops


Ubiq(UBQ)	ESCH Airdrop #4	January 31, 2019

Exchanges


EUNOMIA(ENTS)	TOPBTC Listing	January 31, 2019

Next Coin Market: Quality Crypto Trading Exchange Platform? - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/next-coin-market/

Trading Technologies: Professional TT Crypto Software Tools? - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/trading-technologies/

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Petitions to End Crypto Ban Advance Against Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Says IAMAI Lawyer - Bitcoin Exchange Guide

https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/petitions-to-end-crypto-ban-advance-against-reserve-bank-of-india-rbi-says-iamai-lawyer/

[Daily Discussion] Wednesday, January 30, 2019

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Fantom Improvement Proposal 1 : Proof of Stake

Medium Article: https://medium.com/fantomfoundation/fantom-improvement-proposal-1-proof-of-stake-fip-1-17bbbe225e70

EIP-1 Proof of Stake: https://github.com/Fantom-foundation/FIPs/blob/master/FIPS/fip-1.md

Introduction

Fantom is a new distributed ledger that is a secure, fast, decentralised, and permissionless network, allowing anyone to transact or build applications on top of it.

In order to secure the network, Fantom has chosen to employ a “Proof of Stake” token model, borrowing from some of the best ideas out there in the team’s opinion.

There will be two types of nodes on the network: validator and listening nodes.

Validator nodes actively participate in the consensus of the network to validate transactions. A supermajority (⅔) of the total validating power of the network is needed to confirm a transaction to finality. These nodes will require a minimum stake.

Listening nodes connect to other nodes in the network and synchronize the entire ledger. They can submit transactions to the network independent of other nodes. However, they do not participate in consensus, and no staking is required.

The total validating power of the network is the total number of votes an event block can receive in the network, of which a minimum ⅔ is required to achieve finality. Note that an event block that contains no transactions can still be validated by the network, and a block reward will be earned, but no transactions fees.

Deliverable

The deliverable of Fantom’s Proof of Stake model is to:

Encourage stakeholders to participate in network validation via attractive and sustainable rewards for staking
Achieve predictable transaction and storage costs
Create a positive feedback loop to encourage the growth in the network. As demand for the network grows, returns for validators should also grow, which in turn should increase the demand for FTM.

Key Features for Network Users

Users on the network will be able to use their tokens in two ways:

Transaction-based staking: Any participant of the network, including a wallet user, can stake a percentage of tokens to gain a percentage of guaranteed transaction volume on the network
Paying for transactions: Like Ethereum or Bitcoin, users will be able to pay per transaction to be confirmed by the network

Transaction-based Staking

Owning a percentage of staked FTM tokens will guarantee a percentage of nominal network processing capacity at all times. Given a user’s FTM holding, there will be a guaranteed amount of gas a user can spend per block. This is also known as “transaction-based staking”.

It is extremely unlikely that all FTM holders will constantly use all of their allotted capacity. In addition, actual network capacity is likely to exceed nominal capacity. It is therefore likely that significant free capacity will be available in most blocks. That free capacity will be available to users in proportion to their staked weight. This will allow users who do not own many tokens, but are active in the system, to have preferred access to processing capacity.

FTM has a maximum supply of 3.175 billion tokens, of which more than 30% are available for block rewards on mainnet launch. The foundation has been actively purchasing FTM on the market over time in order to increase our block rewards, essentially removing it from total circulating supply.

Predictable transaction and storage costs

Transaction costs will be expressed in terms of an internal accounting system called Fantom Gas (“FTG”).

FTG will operate in a similar manner to gas on the Ethereum network at a virtual machine level. There will be a cost associated with each op code executed by the register-based virtual machine (costs will be specified in future technical documents. For now Fantom will follow the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) gas costs as specified in “Appendix G. Fee Schedule” of the Ethereum “Yellow Paper” as Fantom is currently using Golang and Rust Implementations of the EVM). The relationship between FTM and FTG is similar to the relationship between Wei and Gas in Ethereum:

FTM = FTG_price\FTG*

Where:

FTM: Fantom Token

FTG: Fantom Gas

FTG_price: The price of FTG in terms of FTM. This will be discussed below.

Fantom aims to achieve predictable transaction and storage costs to give users certainly over the cost of running services on the network. With networks such as Ethereum, the cost per transaction in terms of Wei can vary greatly according to the gas price.

As such, Fantom proposes the creation of a Special Purpose Vehicle (“SPV”) with a built-in exchange for FTG in the network. Users will be able to buy FTG to pay for computation in advance.

FTG represents a fixed amount of processing capacity.

FTG can be bought only with FTM, via an internal exchange.

There will be an internal price “oracle” for the FTG/FTM exchange rate. FTM holders will vote on the exchange rate.

A reserve pool (SPV) will be built (holding x amount of FTM) so that there will be liquidity for the exchange.

The reserve pool will also serve to guarantee a minimum block fee during periods when transactions do not cover validator costs (more details to be added).

Any user can buy FTG using FTM using the prevailing exchange rate. From the user’s perspective: FTM debit, FTG credit. The opposite will be true for the SPV.

Users can also convert FTG back to FTM via the exchange, subject to a 10% fee. From the user’s perspective: FTM credit, FTG debit. The opposite will be true for the SPV.

FTG hoarding will be discouraged in a natural way: as FTG roughly follows some cloud computing/storage index, its value will slowly decline versus fiat over time, given the historical decline in both computing and storage costs. This will be a natural disincentive to hoarding.

How are fees paid?

If a user holds FTG, this will be used for tx fees. User: FTG debit. SPV: FTG credit, FTM debit. Validators: FTM credit.

If a user does not have FTG, FTM will be used directly at prevailing rate. User: FTM debit. SPV: FTM credit. Validators: FTM credit.

However, there are several open issues to confirm. The fee split between the SPV and validators is crucial. Part of the SPV income will be a share of transaction fees, as well as on the spread of users selling back FTG to FTM. However, the SPV will need to guarantee minimum validator income. An additional risk is the price volatility in the FTM/FTG price. Consider the following scenario:

Assume 1 FTM = 3 FTG.

A user buys 30 FTG for 10 FTM.

FTM crashes in terms of FTG, and now 1 FTM = 1 FTG.

The user sells 30 FTG back to the exchange for 27 FTM (30 less 10%)

Result: a net gain of 17 FTM for the user, a net loss of 17 FTM for the SPV

To remove this risk, we set a rule that a user can never make a profit from converting back FTG to FTM. This will be discussed in further detail.

The SPV could accumulate FTM over time. Users of the network can participate in on-chain governance (We will discuss this in more detail in future posts), as to what the FTM will be used for. For example, users may vote to burn FTM, or choose to distribute it to validators as additional staking rewards. We believe that this should drive demand for FTM, as validating becomes more attractive.

Organic growth of network capacity according to demand

Fantom predicts that network capacity will grow in line with transaction volume. As a result, the same percentage of FTM tokens held should, over time, give access to a larger processing capacity.

Incentives for active users

The weight given to users in the system will depend on two factors:

Their staked FTM holdings, and
The measure of activity over the past 6 months, with more recent activity weighted more heavily.

Activity is defined based on the amount of gas spent over time in the transactions submitted by the node to the network. There will be a minimum amount gas required to be spent per node in order to receive rewards. This should incentivise nodes to use the network. This is known as Proof of Importance, an idea that has been expressed in other platforms such as NEO.

We will develop a suitable formula which will combine these two factors.

Key Features for Developers

Dapp-based staking

One of the issues with the current Ethereum Proof of Work model is that developers are not incentivised to create and run Dapps on the network. Instead, Ethereum has been used to largely to conduct Initial Coin Offerings to fund projects in competition to the network.

In order to incentivise the growth and development of Dapps on Fantom. We propose a concept called Dapp-based staking. A developer who deploys a Dapp can stake a certain number of FTM to the network, and users will be able to use the application for free according to the rules set by the developer.

This will be feature of smart contracts on the Fantom network, where a developer can pay in FTM into the contract account to allow free use of the app as long as there are FTM left. The contract account has a FTG balance, fees are first taken from this balance, and only secondary taken from the user. This way as long as there are funds remaining the dapp is free. If the owner leaves, users can still fund the contract itself.

Network Validators

Number of validators

In order to ensure a fast network, and also to limit costs, the system will favor the emergence of a reasonable number (50) of high-performance nodes as validators to begin with. The number of validators may grow over time depending on how many users decide to stake (given Fantom will be a permission-less network).

Node performance is defined as:

Processing capacity per second, which can be measured for example by the maximum number of simple transactions per second, and
Networking Throughput

Note: 50 nodes is a starting point so the network can scale safely and properly so users can monitor the network and make sure it is secure as the network grows.

Token staking

In the single-shard model, a validator must stake at least 0.2% of the total FTM supply (6,350,000 FTM) of their own tokens. This number, as well as many other network settings, will be subject to change via on-chain voting. They will also change when Sharding is introduced.

Block Rewards for Validators (Fees)

In return for staking FTM, attesting to correct blocks, signing off on the validity of a block, and proposing blocks, validators will be rewarded in at least two ways:

A fixed amount to compensate for the cost of running a node, to ensure that validators do not run nodes at a loss
A portion of network transaction fees. This is determined by the total number of transaction fees generated by all transactions in event blocks.

Because transaction prices will essentially be fixed, the key way for validators to increase income is by increasing processing capacity.

Here is a way that would allow users themselves to signal the need for higher transaction capacity. Suppose a user has the choice between staking tokens for transacting and staking tokens for validation (ignoring Dapp-based staking).

When there is plenty of processing capacity, we would expect more of validation staking. But as demand for transactions grow, we could see a shift towards transaction staking. As transaction staking volume exceeds a certain level, this would trigger an increase of the baseline processing limit (equivalent to a block gas limit), which would become effective only when a large majority of nodes prove they have the necessary capacity. The advantage is that this would provide a clear and visible signal to the entire network to increase processing capacity. This might happen even before actual volume increases, as users increase their transaction staking in anticipation of increased future transaction volume (increased buying of FTG could also provide such a signal). Note that this will require a way to occasionally measure validator processing power.

Network Security

Penalties: validators will have a significant amount of FTM token staked, which will be at risk if malicious behaviour is identified. Penalties are necessary in a Proof of Stake system in order to disincentivize bad behaviour and avoid the nothing-at-stake problem, where, absent any penalties, a validator is incentivise to bet on every possible fork of the network, as there is no lost for doing so.

In the Fantom network, we propose three types of penalties:

Demurrage Fee: A wallet will need to submit a minimum number of transactions over a given period of time or pay a certain fee. This should encourage network activity. The fee is paid proportionally to validators on the network.
Validating rejected event blocks: Nodes will need to stake for each event block they want to earn fees off of. If an event block is not ultimately not confirmed by ⅔ of the total voting power of the network, then the stake is lost, and distributed proportionally to other nodes.
Network pruning: Potentially malicious nodes will be quickly eliminated. Slow nodes will be identified and their rating down-voted, making them less likely to be selected for validation.

Future Developments

The team is focused on analyzing key numbers for the concepts listed above, as well as making several improvements.

The numbers the team will be working on include:

Formula for calculating staking returns, which is currently a combination of staking amounts and Proof of Importance
Percentage of guaranteed transactions in return for a percentage of staked FTM
Percentage of guaranteed transactions when staking for a Dapp
Block rewards
Minimum staking requirements for a validating node
Minimum gas / transaction requirements to gain a Proof of Importance Score
Quantifying node performance
Maximum number of validating nodes before performance degradation occurs
Penalties:
- Demurrage Fee
- Network Pruning

Other Ideas Fantom is Currently Exploring

In addition to the concepts listed above, Fantom is also exploring the following:

Multiple Fantom mainnet chains employing different variations of the “Proof of Stake” model with different parameters, connected through Digital Rights Control Management (DRCM). Given that there is a level of unpredictability in how people will actually behave on the network, users might be able to choose from many chains, and the best will be chosen over time.
Transaction mining solutions: Transactions themselves are rewarded. Consequently, nodes are incentivised to a) create transactions and b) validate transactions.
Paying for storage: Over time, the network is likely to contain data that becomes unused. For example, Dapps can be abandoned for a variety of reasons. On centralised servers such as AWS, a developer must continue paying for storage costs per byte. However, on networks such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, storage is paid once and stored in perpetuity for free. This leads to the following problems:
- The network becomes increasingly bloated with unused data.
- Users have to maintain this unused data to maintain state.
We are actively working on incorporating a “rent-based” model into the Fantom network. Further details about this problem can be seen here.

If you have ideas you would like to contribute to the discussion, please contact us at [contact@fantom.foundation](mailto:contact@fantom.foundation) or comment on the EIP here: https://github.com/Fantom-foundation/FIPs/blob/master/FIPS/fip-1.md

To find out more about the Fantom project and its technology, visit us here or join us on our social media channels.

Official E-mail Address: [contact@fantom.foundation](mailto:contact@fantom.foundation)

Official Website: https://www.fantom.foundation

Official Telegram English Chat: https://t.me/fantom_english

Official Telegram Chinese Chat: https://t.me/fantom_chinese

Official Fantom Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/FantomFoundation/

Official Fantom Twitter: https://twitter.com/FantomFDN

Official Github Page: https://github.com/Fantom-foundation

Official Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/fantomfoundation