Thursday, February 3, 2022

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PrEppErZZZ

Metaplunge

And just like that, the volatility came back. A tarnished earnings report from Meta Platforms (FB), formerly known as Facebook, dented whatever sentiment the market seemed to take hold of over the last few days following the big reverberations seen in January. Shares of Meta tumbled 23% in after-hours trading on Wednesday, wiping out $200B in market capitalization, while the worries spilled over to Nasdaq futures, which slid more than 2% overnight (that came after the biggest four-day rally since November 2020).

Analyst commentary: "It's a black eye quarter," Wedbush's Dan Ives said following the Q4 results. "It's a dark chapter quarter at a time when the bulls need to see good news."

Investors were surprised by weaker user growth (DAUs missed estimates of 1.95B), while Meta gave a disappointing sales forecast for the current period ($27B-$29B vs. $30.3B). Looking under the surface, one can see that the vast majority of Facebook's revenue comes from targeted advertising, though the company has been severely hurt by Apple's (NASDAQ:AAPL) privacy changes, which will result in a $10B hit in 2022. CEO Mark Zuckerberg also acknowledged that Meta is facing serious competition for user time and attention (think TikTok and Roblox (RBLX)), causing the company to pivot into a whole new arena: the Metaverse.

Outlook: Meta still has to convince shareholders that its embrace of the Metaverse will pay off, and despite the rebranding, the company at the moment is primarily an advertising company. "They're a basketball player saying that they're a skier," Dan Ives pointed out in an interview. Many say the firm will also have to sink big bucks and capex to get ahead of the curve in developing the Metaverse, where it will have the opportunity to make revenue from transaction-based or token-based sales (like NFTs) and not only from advertising.

Tech trouble

When Facebook (FB) sneezes, it's no surprise that other social media companies catch a cold. Related stocks crumbled in the AH session on Wednesday, with shares of Twitter (TWTR) declining 8%, Pinterest (PINS) dropping 10% and Snap (SNAP) slumping more than 17%. For good measure, semi-social name Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL) was also in the red, falling almost 2% even though it flexed its muscles during regular trade following its own upbeat quarterly numbers.

Fallout: Lackluster results from PayPal (PYPL) during the morning may have foreshadowed what was to come after the bell. PayPal shares tanked nearly 25%, notching their worst one-day performance on record and reaching their lowest level since May 2020. Earnings came in soft due to higher expenses, while the company ditched a growth strategy that saw it spend heavily on incentives to attract new users. It was only a short while ago that PayPal had been an investor favorite (pandemic online shopping), though the stock got nailed with several analyst downgrades following the Q4 results.

That wasn't all. Spotify (SPOT) made waves for the second time this week by plunging as much as 23% AH with an earnings report that rippled through markets. Estimates for user growth in Q1 were barely in line with analyst projections, and the company scrapped annual guidance for the foreseeable future since the "vast majority of our initiatives are multi-year in nature and measured as such." However, sales outperformed in the current quarter, with subscription-based revenue climbing 22% to €2.3B and advertising revenue surging 40% to €394M.

Go deeper: For the first time, Spotify acknowledged that it might take financial hit from the controversy surrounding Joe Rogan, who signed a reported $100M deal with the streamer back in 2020. It's "too early to know what the impact may be," CEO Daniel Ek said on an earnings call, noting that "usually when we've had controversies in the past, those are measured in months, not days." Musicians like Neil Young and Joni Mitchell have already pulled their music from the platform because they believe Rogan's podcast was spreading false information about COVID vaccines, and they have since been joined by artists like India Arie and Young's former bandmates Crosby, Stills and Nash.

Hawks and doves?

Pressure is growing on the European Central Bank to raise interest rates as eurozone inflation hit a record 5.1% in January, topping estimates by the most in two decades. Until now, the ECB has lagged other central banks in responding to escalating price pressures, and has said it wouldn't increase its key interest rate until it ends its net bond purchases, meaning a "very unlikely" hike in 2022. "I don't think that something happening at the Fed is bound to happen in Europe," ECB President Christine Lagarde said back in December, though financial markets are now showing a hike of 10 basis points anticipated for September.

Forex: Currency traders are meanwhile preparing for an exciting session today with meetings from both the ECB and the Bank of England. Any signs of a hawkishness from Lagarde could see the euro recover lost ground against the pound, though she may be more hesitant to do so, given that January's core inflation figure - which strips out volatile components like food and energy - actually eased to 2.3% from 2.6% in December. Contrast that to the U.S., which saw a core inflation figure of 5.5% last month, and an overall headline rate of 7%.

On the other side of the continent, the Bank of England is expected to deliver its first back-to-back interest rate hike since 2004, increasing its benchmark lending rate by 25 bps to 0.5%. If that were to happen, sterling could advance against the euro, approaching some of the strongest levels seen since Brexit. The BOE is also likely to take initial steps toward unwinding some of its £895B stimulus program and investors will be on the lookout for comments from Governor Andrew Bailey.

Over in the U.S.: The greenback is taking a breather from a recent three-day slide, finding some footing as a tech slump didn't leave much appetite for riskier currencies. "The bigger challenge to the dollar has come from overseas, particularly in Europe," according to analysts at ING. "Stubbornly high inflation here is prompting a re-assessment of the amount of patience the likes of the ECB can show. And the re-pricing of the ECB cycle is providing support to European currencies in general."

Climate views

Sarah Bloom Raskin is heading to Capitol Hill this morning for a confirmation hearing to become the Federal Reserve's Vice Chairwoman of Supervision (i.e. the government's most influential overseer of the American banking system). She'd also fill one of the three open spots on the central bank's board of governors, which wields much influence over the world's largest economy. Her resume features a Fed governor position from 2010 to 2014 before moving on to become former President Barack Obama's deputy Treasury Secretary.

Bigger picture: Raskin is known as a climate hero in many circles for her calls on financial regulators to use their powers to mitigate the risks of climate-related events. The stance has raised some pushback, with a group of 41 oil-and-gas trade groups urging lawmakers to oppose her confirmation. However, Raskin was careful to address those concerns in prepared remarks, saying she wouldn't discourage banks from investing in fossil fuels in her capacity at the Fed.

"The role does not involve directing banks to make loans only to specific sectors, or to avoid making loans to particular sectors. And the role exists within the laws passed by Congress that govern the Federal Reserve and its responsibilities."

Diverse makeover: The hearing today will also cover the Fed board picks of Dr. Lisa DeNell Cook and Dr. Philip Nathan Jefferson. Cook, who has written extensively about the economic consequences of racial disparities and gender inequality, as well as wages, poverty and income distribution, currently serves as a Michigan State economics professor and formerly worked as a senior economist on Obama's Council of Economic Advisers. Jefferson is a former Fed economist who currently serves as dean of faculty and academic-affairs vice president at North Carolina's Davidson College.

Today's Markets

In Asia, Japan -1.1%. Hong Kong closed. China closed. India -1.3%. In Europe, at midday, London -0.2%. Paris -0.4%. Frankfurt -0.7%. Futures at 6:20, Dow -0.3%. S&P -1.1%. Nasdaq -2.2%. Crude -1.7% $86.77. Gold -0.4% at $1803.80. Bitcoin -5.5% to $36,403. Ten-year Treasury Yield +1 bps to 1.78%

Today's Economic Calendar

7:30 Challenger Job-Cut Report 8:30 Initial Jobless Claims 8:30 Productivity and Costs 9:45 PMI Composite Final 10:00 ISM Service Index 10:00 Factory Orders 10:30 EIA Natural Gas Inventory 4:30 PM Fed Balance Sheet

Companies reporting earnings today »

What else is happening...

Earnings: Can Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) maintain its robust financial performance?

Qualcomm (NASDAQ:QCOM) plunges despite strong earnings and outlook.

Energy watch... OPEC+ agrees on 400kb/d output increase for March.

Biden administration pushes again for more EVs in USPS fleet order.

Soaring oil profits prompts Shell (NYSE:SHEL) to lift shareholder returns.

Turnaround? Nokia (NYSE:NOK) reinstates dividend, launches buyback program.

CNN (T) chief Jeff Zucker resigns, citing undisclosed relationship.

New York Times' (NYSE:NYT) profit soars as subscriptions drive stellar quarter.

Electric Last Mile (NASDAQ:ELMS) plunges 50% as top execs leave amid investigation.


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What Is Delegated Proof-Of-Stake?

What Is Delegated Proof-Of-Stake?

Outline

Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) is an agreement component utilized in blockchain based organizations to figure out who the validator of each block will be and reach an agreement on what information ought to be added to the chain.

https://preview.redd.it/j7h2s51lflf81.jpg?width=602&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=47dff921b5225d26ccc2dca860410d95e0441074

It was designed in 2013 by Dan Larimer, who was endeavoring to tackle the issues that tormented Bitcoin's proof-of-work framework. He initially imagined DPoS to drive a cryptocurrency called BitShares. He later refined the agreement component for his subsequent venture, Steem, and is presently proceeding to refine it for EOS.

Delegated proof-of-stake can be considered as a technological democracy that is a digital rendition of an authoritative pecking order. A DPoS framework has a specific number of agents that secure the organization by approving exchanges and obstructs, and these representatives are voted for a position by the token holders.

How can it function?

Delegates’ liabilities include guaranteeing their hub is continuously running, gathering exchanges and incorporating them into blocks, signing and broadcasting blocks to approve the exchanges, and settling agreements that might emerge in the organization.

For most DPoS chains, deciding in favor of agents is available to all token holders in the organization, and casting a ballot power is straightforwardly corresponding to the quantity of tokens held by a specific record. Clients can likewise designate their democratic capacity to one more client who will decide for their benefit.

Votes are dynamic and can be changed, important representatives can cast a ballot in or out whenever they want. The danger of loss of pay and notoriety gives motivation to agents to act genuinely and keep the organization secure. Delegates are answerable for appropriating the block rewards they get to their electors in a corresponding way founded on casting a ballot power.

Not at all like conventional proof-of-stake, delegates are not needed to have a huge stake in the organization, yet they should go after votes from token holders.

DPoS frameworks penance some decentralization by restricting who is permitted to approve blocks of exchanges, however thus gain effectiveness as less work is needed to arrive at agreement on the organization.

Executions

Delegated proof-of-stake is the agreement component utilized by blockchain networks including BitShares, Lisk, EOS, Steem, Ark, Nano, Cardano, and Tezos. They all utilize a somewhat unique execution of DPoS, with some portrayed beneath:

BitShares: The originally known execution of assigned proof-of-stake. At the underlying delivery, there was a limited measure of 101 voted-in delegates (called observers), albeit presently the number is dynamic. For instance, on the off chance that a larger part of investors vote in favor of 50 observers, 50 will be utilized, and the base conceivable observer count is 11. The BitShares blockchain can arrive at 100,000 exchanges each second and the normal block affirmation time is 3 seconds.

Ark: The Ark blockchain utilizes DPoS and has the agent number fixed at 51. This was done to amplify proficiency in the organization, permitting the normal block an ideal opportunity to drift somewhere in the range of 5 and 8 seconds. The expense to cast a ballot is fixed at 1 ARK, and votes can be removed or changed whenever the charge can't be recuperated. Most ARK delegates give a profit pace of 7-9% each year to their electors.

EOS: Dan Larimer was the maker of DPoS and BitShares, and he is currently functioning as the CTO of Block.one, the center group of EOS. EOS uses a DPoS agreement component with 21 representatives, albeit the main 72 agents by votes are thought of as "reserve block makers" that actually procure profits. Anybody can turn into a representative for EOS, there is no democratic expense, and the democratic rate is around 40% of token holders. EOS midpoints a 0.5 second square time and can possibly uphold more than 3,000 exchanges each second.

Benefits

Speed: As less hubs are expected to affirm the blocks, DPoS agreement systems take into account higher throughput, meaning it can handle more exchanges in a given measure of time.

Less energy utilization: As there are no miners needed for DPoS, it's undeniably more energy proficient and affects the climate over the long haul. For most DPoS chains, clients don't require costly equipment to run a hub.

Motivations for genuineness: Delegates have an impetus to keep up with the job, and any noxious demonstration would risk getting removed.

Shortcomings

Centralization: By restricting the number of individuals who can go about as block validators, blockchains that use DPoS are intrinsically more unified than blockchains that permit anybody to turn into a block validator. This could hypothetically make it simpler to sort out a 51% assault in the event that representatives join their power.

Concentrated voting power: Users that hold a lot of tokens will have fundamental voting power and in this way more impact in choosing delegates. They will likewise get more profits over the long haul, meaning they will keep on developing voting power quicker than clients with more modest stakes.

Required cooperation: A DPoS-based blockchain will possibly work effectively and safely assuming token holders take part in the voting cycle. Very much like a real-world democracy, low investment rates will cause centralization of force and the framework won't fill in as planned.


The Cosmos Ecosystem - February Update!

Cheers everyone and welcome back to another round of Updates on the Cosmos Ecosystem! I am trying to focus on data and limit the shilling as much as possible - should you feel the urge of joining the #IBCgang nonetheless, here is where you will want to start:

Interchain Wallet: Keplr (Browser Extention highly recommended, Mobile wallet)

Ecosystem Overview: Mapofzones.com

Access Points: Cosmos HUB / Terra Luna / Crypto.org

Main DEX: Osmosis.zone

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

With that out of the way, let's get going: One month ago, I made this post. At the time, the #IBCgang had a volume of roughly 2 million interchain transfers per 30 days and ~150k on the daily. Today, only 1 month later, those numbers have tripled!

30 Day average IBC transfers: 2.000.000 in December up to 6.000.000 in January

7 Day average IBC Transfers: 750.000 in December up to 1.850.000 in January

24h average IBC Transfers: 150.000 in December up to 320.000 in January

Mind you, these numbers are growing so fast despite the january crash and a general downturn in user activity & capital inflow. Cosmos remained strong and that has also been shown in market price where Cosmos chains were reaching all time highs throughout the month of January.

Currently, there are 34 Chains connected to the Cosmos Ecosystem via IBC. With Gravity Bridge (Connecting Cosmos to Ethereum and vice Versa) joining in January and Nomic Bridge (IBC to Bitcoin) coming online within the next few weeks. Aside from these heavy hitters, Cosmos is seeing an inflow of chains going online & connecting to IBC each month and is expected to have a network of at least 200 chains by the end of the year.

How fast is Cosmos & how does it scale?

Cosmos is a Layer 0 Project meaning that it enables the infrastructure for the internet of Blockchains. Cosmos (For simplicity, I will only regard Cosmos SDK Chains for these parameters) is meant to scale horizontally, meaning that it is a web of interconnected, self-souvereign blockchains with their individual specifications in order to best fit their use case. The Cosmos SDK is capable of running with 10.000 tps per chain. With 34 connected SDK chains that equals almost 350.000 tps as of today. Even considering constraints due to validator numbers etc chains are running at an average of 5000 tps meaning that 175.000 tps can already be reached and is not just theoretical, with optimisations ongoing. Moreover, even if one chain does experience congestion, network instability or other issues, no other chain is being compromised as there is no single point of failure. Connected Chains are currently handling about 1.500.000 on chain transactions per day. This is also the reason why I have never experienced congestion beyond a daily reward payout window on osmosis.

IBC is being maintained and usable for 0 additional cost to the user or the connected chains and scales ad infinitum. There is no limit to chains that can connect to the ecosystem.

Future Upgrades & Outlook on the Ecosystem?

The Cosmos HUB is going to receive one big upgrade per quarter going forward, bringing interchain accounts, liquid staking, interchain security & chain naming services within the next 6 months. Roadmap

Osmosis DEX is bringing a similar form of liquid staking, called superfluid staking within the next 2 months to the ecosystem which will greatly expand liquidty and yield farming opportunities without sacrifising security for the chain.

EVMOS, the dedicated EVM L1 within the Cosmos ecosystem, is going live by February 28th and is expected to attract a lot of ETH Dapps & forks being deployed to market readiness.

Stargaze, the dedicated NFT HUB is processing it's genesis minting even on March 2nd. Artists can still subscribe to that event if interested.

Juno, the interchain smart contract HUB is on fire lately and has released Junoswap, as well as multiple other Dapps seeing more and more user activity.

Terra is Terra, not much to say about this one. It has got a lot of cool features but you all would know by now.

Secret Network, the Cosmos privacy HUB is going to release a privacy stablecoin called SILK within the next few months. This could be a gamechanger that I will cover in detail in a different post.

... and there is so much more.

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Airdrop season has kicked off and my fellow Cosmonauts will agree that it has been pretty great so far.

Fore more information & guides, pelase visit Cosmos or Cosmos Airdrops respectively.

EDIT: Removed all links because I could not figure out which ones were causing my post to get deleted by auto-mod.


Key events of January 2022. $BTC (x-post from /r/Bitcoin)

https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/sja6d6/key_events_of_january_2022_btc/