Wednesday, November 6, 2019

[uncensored-r/BitcoinMarkets] [Daily Discussion] Thursday, November 07, 2019

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Sports BetOnline

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https://preview.redd.it/yl5z03gbi7x31.jpg?width=235&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=8ee8aba8443dd4d736bbcdf04806e435b70c119d

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[Daily Discussion] Thursday, November 07, 2019

Thread topics include, but are not limited to:

  • General discussion related to the day's events
  • Technical analysis, trading ideas & strategies
  • Quick questions that do not warrant a separate post

Thread guidelines:

  • Be excellent to each other.
  • Do not make posts outside of the daily thread for the topics mentioned above.

Other ways to interact:


[Altcoin Discussion] Thursday, November 07, 2019

Thread topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Discussion related to recent events
  • Technical analysis, trading ideas & strategies
  • General questions about altcoins

Thread guidelines:

  • Be excellent to each other.
  • All regular rules for this subreddit apply, except for number 2. This, and only this, thread is exempt from the requirement that all discussion must relate to bitcoin trading.
  • This is for high quality discussion of altcoins. All shilling or obvious pumping/dumping behavior will result in an immediate one day ban. This is your only warning.
  • No discussion about specific ICOs. Established coins only.

If you're not sure what kind of discussion belongs in this thread, here are some example posts. News, TA, and sentiment analysis are great, too.

Other ways to interact:


Get here first time? — Check this

r/getcryptocurrency is open on vacation to:

-moderators

-content creators

-bloggers

-ambitious

The subreddit is dedicated to cryptocurrency extraction from different sources by many methods, such as:

-participating in Airdrops

-faucets collection

-draw events

-trading on exchanges or exchanging cryptocurrencies

-investing into blockchains and platforms

On the reliable terms subreddit is open to referral sharing.

r/Zolango is subreddit of crypto marketplace Zolango: buy and sell goods for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

r/WhatToCelebrateToday is about worldwide celebrates.

r/Cryptodevs - for blockchain technology

r/MedievalCats is funny


Ferrum Network (FRM) Staking Overview

Dear Ferrum Community Members,

In just a few days we will release Ferrum Network’s Web-Based Staking. But before we do, we wanted to provide critical information on the structure, rewards and requirements of FRM Staking. Enjoy!

General Overview

FRM Staking can be likened to a savings account — it offers constant time-based returns based on staking time. In other words, the longer you stake, the higher the rewards. That may seem basic, but FRM Staking unique in many ways.

First, it is pool based. Meaning it is a group activity with multiple contributors for each staking contract.

Second, it is flexible. Meaning you have the option to withdraw early, stake until full maturity, or withdraw somewhere in between. But be warned: leaving early comes at a cost.

Finally, it is strategic. Meaning if you stake until full maturity, and others in your pool withdraw early, you will receive a portion of their rewards.

There will be 3 staking pools: Gold (shortest), Platinum (medium) and Diamond (longest). The terms of each staking pool (rewards, lengths, minimum contribution, etc.) are detailed below.

We will publish a full “how-to stake” guide in the coming days, but overall it is very simple. Just connect your ERC-20 wallet to the contract, deposit your FRM into the pool, stake until you wish to withdraw, and then withdraw to have your principal and rewards sent back to your wallet. Easy!

Requirements for Staking

Here are the requirements to be aware of.

Metamask: FRM Staking requires the ERC-20 wallet extension Metamask, which will automatically link to our staking contracts. This is the wallet you will contribute from and where rewards will be distributed upon withdrawal.

For assistance on setting up a Metamask, please contact a Ferrum team member or the Metamask team directly.

5000 FRM Minimum: to stay consistent with Social Mining, the minimum amount to stake is 5000 FRM. There is no maximum.

Keywords and Unique Features

FRM Staking has some unique features such as early withdrawal, forfeited/redistributed rewards, and additional rewards for full maturity.

Limited Time to Contribute

Once the staking pools are opened, you will be given a limited amount of time to contribute. After the time expires OR the contract is full, contributions will close forever. A progress bar will show how much the contract has been filled at any given time.

https://preview.redd.it/wyf07f2785x31.png?width=1750&format=png&auto=webp&s=6164b9fcf0c323afef6f6487b978f73671b6f20f

Full Maturity

Stake until full maturity to receive maximum rewards. Maturity will have a date and time assigned at which time full rewards will be available for withdrawal, so you will know exactly when you can withdraw to receive the maximum rewards.

In addition, if you stake until full maturity, you will likely receive additional rewards from those who withdrew early.

Early Withdrawal

FRM Staking offers an early withdrawal option for flexibility. Early withdrawal will have a date and time assigned so you will know exactly when you can withdraw early.

Although rewards are lower for early withdrawal, they increase linearly every day — past the early withdrawal date right up until full maturity.

In other words, if you withdraw after the early withdraw date and closer to full maturity, rewards will be higher, but still less than full maturity.

Forfeited and Redistributed Rewards

FRM Staking pools are like a pie. The project will place a predetermined amount FRM into each pool prior to launch and this number will not change. If stakers leave early, the pie does not shrink, they’ll just receive less, while the proportions of the remaining stakers will increase.

Therefore, the longest stakers will earn more than just the maximum APR, they will also earn a share of rewards left behind by those who stopped staking.

In this sense, FRM Staking offers an element of strategy, suspense and gamification.

The Staking Pools:

There will be three staking pools: Gold (short), Platinum (medium) and Diamond (long), each with different terms.

https://preview.redd.it/vh09l2ja85x31.png?width=1008&format=png&auto=webp&s=53d7133c2d713116136bc7112fca559157c1d3c6

Gold Staking Terms

  • Full Rewards: 10% annualized
  • Full maturity: 180 days
  • Early withdrawal starts: 90 days
  • Early withdrawal reward start at: 4%
  • Pool size: 3 million FRM
  • Time period to contribute: 7 days
  • Minimum amount staked: 5000 FRM

https://preview.redd.it/yp4zueie85x31.png?width=1008&format=png&auto=webp&s=519987030684c569e2124d17c559a2b0ba347edb

Platinum Staking Terms

  • Rewards: 30% annualized
  • Full maturity: 365 days
  • Early withdrawal starts: 182 days
  • Early withdrawal rewards start at: 8%
  • Pool size: 5 million FRM
  • Time period to contribute: 7 days
  • Minimum amount staked: 5000 FRM

https://preview.redd.it/cx1i11nh85x31.png?width=1010&format=png&auto=webp&s=b102293178a2f1b4c872a0b7b0dd83ca6faaec24

Diamond Staking:

  • Rewards: 50% annualized
  • Full maturity: 547 days
  • Early withdrawal starts: 274 days
  • Early withdrawal rewards start at: 12% annualized
  • Pool Size: 1 million FRM
  • Time period to contribute: 7 days
  • Minimum amount staked: 5000 FRM

What’s Next

Next we will release FRM Staking website with a countdown until the staking pools open. We will also release a step-by-step guide explaining how to stake.

Then we will open up the staking pools for contribution!

Thank You

We want to give a special thanks to our staking test group (you know who you are) and for everyone who has shown tremendous patience and support throughout this process.

We look forward to officially launching staking in the coming days!

Very truly yours,

The Ferrum Network Team

Ferrum Network Links:

Website: https://ferrum.network/

Telegram: http://telegram.ferrum.network

Twitter: http://twitter.ferrum.network

LinkedIn: http://linkedin.ferrum.network

YouTube: http://youtube.ferrum.network

Reddit: http://reddit.ferrum.network

Bitcoin Talk: http://bitcointalk.ferrum.network

Facebook: http://facebook.ferrum.network

Github: https://github.com/ferrumnet/

Instagram: http://instagram.ferrum.network



WE WILL NOT BE ISSUING TESTS ANYMORE AT WEEKENDS , WE FEEL IS UNFAIR TO MEMBERS WHO HAVE PAID FOR A SUB TAKING UP THEIR STREAMING BANDWIDTH AND RISKING BUFFERING ISSUES.OUR SERVICE IS 2ND TO NONE AND WE TAKE CARE OF OUR CUSTOMERS AND THEY WILL ALWAYS COME 1ST ,SO BUY A MONTH TEST ITS ONLY $6

FREE TESTS AT WEEKENDS SOAR AND TAKE UP YOUR STREAMING BANDWITH,HAVE YOU NOTICED THAT WEEKDAYS ARE FINE AND WEEKENDS BUFFER,THIS IS WHY AS TO MANY PEOPLE USING IT ,WE HAVE TAKEN A STAND FOR OUR CUSTOMERS/MEMBERSUSA$. $6 A MONTH OR $16.50 FOR 3 MONTHS OR $29 FOR 6MONTHS,OR ONLY $45 FOR A YEAR, STOP WASTING YOUR TIME BUYING AT OXFAM AND BUY RELIABLE AND TESTED OR BECOME A RESELLER AND MAKE MONEY

IF YOU ARE SICK OF ALL THE BULL AND LIES AND WANT RELIABLE,TRUE AND A NO BULL IPTV THEN JOIN US ,WE WONT LIE OR RUN ,WE STAY AND SORT,YES CHANNELS GO DOWN BUT ITS HOW THEY GET SORTED THATS IMPORTANT.THATS WHY WE HAVE 4 CHANNELS OF EACH OF SKY AND BT AND MORE OF EACH OF BEIN,FROM MORE THAN ONE SOURCE PLUS MANY OTHER SOURCES FOR YOUR SPORT.SO GET ON BOARD WITH THE ORIGINAL WORKING IPTV AND NOT THE WANNABE COPIES THAT WILL BE GONE AS SOON AS THERE IS A KNOCK AT THE DOOR

WORKING COUNTRY LIST BELOW,RESELLER PANELS ARE AVAILABLE.WE WAS HERE BEFORE AND AFTER THE XC BUST,GET A TEST OR EVEN A MONTH SUB,TALK TO MEMBERS IN THE DISCORD GROUP,TRY IT AND SEE WHY WE ARE ONE OF THE MOST RELIABLE & BIGGEST & MOST STABLE AROUND & 10,000+ CHANNELS https://discordapp.com/invite/3YNHEPs

NEW CATEGORIES ADDED AND MORE TO COME,AUSTRALIA SPORTS,UK ENTERTAINMENT,UK REGIONAL,SKY SPORTS,BT SPORTS,UK SPORTS,PPV CHANNELS,SUPERSPORTS 1-12/NBC GOLD 1-10 ,MOTO GP/F1 CHANNELS,PREMIER LEAGUE CHANNELS,3PM KICK OFFS ,UFC/MMA/WWE,CRICKET CHANNELS,IRELAND,BEIN SPORTS 1-13,UK/USA MOVIE CHANNELS,UK/USA DOCUMENTARY STYLE CHANNELS,UK/USA NEWS CHANNELS,KIDS CHANNELS,24/7 CHANNELS,MUSIC CHANNELS,USA REGIONALS,USA ENTERTAINMENT,USA SPORT,NHL/NBA/NFL,MLB CHANNELS,ESPN PLUS 1-20 ,AND MORE ADDED EVERY DAY ,UNTIL COMPLETE ALSO HAVE THE FOLLOWING COUNTRY CATEGORIES https://i.redd.it/36qbayjaewu31.png

AUSTRALIA,USA,UNITED.KINGDOM,IRELAND,CANADA,SWEDEN,NETHERLANDS,NORWAY,DENMARK,GREECE,FINLAND,ICELAND,BEIN,FRANCE,SPAIN,GERMANY,iTALY,MALTA,PORTUGAL,TURKEY,BELGIUM,ZA AFRICA,AFRICA SUPERSPORTS 1-12(IN ENGLISH),POLAND,SLOVENIA,ALBANIA,EX-YU,INDIA,PAKISTAN,BANGLADESH,IRAN,AFGHANISTAN,AL MAJD MEDIA,ARABIC,MACEDONIA,CAUCASUS,BALTIC,CZECH,SLOVAKIA,RUSSIA,UA-BY,BRAZIL,INDONESIA,PHILIPPINES,CHINA,TAIWAN ,KOREA,JAPAN,SINGAPORE,THAILAND,SWITZERLAND,HUNGARY,BULGARIA,ROMANIA,LATINO,OSN & 24/7 CHANNELS ARE WORKING AS ARE SOME OTHER COUNTRIES BUT I HAVNT CHECKED THEM TODAY YET

VOD MOVIES & TV SERIES AND CATCHUP ALSO AVAILABLE ALONG WITH OVER 300 24/7 CHANNELS

AUSTRALIAN / AUSSIE FOX SPORTS 501-507,AUSSIE BEIN SPORTS 1,2 & 3,AUSSIE ESPN SPORTS 1 & 2

BT SPORTS ,SKY SPORTS,MOTO GP,F1,AFL,NRL,NBA,NHL,PREMIERSHIP,PPV,UFC,MMA,NOVA SPORTS,COSMOTE SPORTS,FOX FOOTY,FOX LEAGUE,ALL 3PM GAMES,NBC GOLD & SUPERSPORTS CHANNELS & SEPERATE ADULT M3U GIVEN TO ADD AS A SEPERATE IPTV

ALL USA$. $6 A MONTH OR $16.50 FOR 3 MONTHS OR $29 FOR 6MONTHS,OR ONLY $45 FOR A YEAR

3 HOUR TESTS ARE AVAILABLE MON - FRIDAY

PAY BY PAYPAL TO THE FOLLOWING ID [ jayandlak@hotmail.co.uk](mailto:jayandlak@hotmail.co.uk) (PAY IN US$,CAN$,EURO,UK£ OR THAI BAHT use www.xe.com for conversion)

PAY BY BITCOIN TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS 3QpwrCCKJ5pRjdLk5Gdj8ek43pkkPMBY2X

PAY BY SKRILL (https://www.skrill.com/en/) TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS [ jayandlak@hotmail.co.uk](mailto:jayandlak@hotmail.co.uk)

PAYMENTS BY PAYPAL FRIENDS AND FAMILY OR GIFT ONLY & SEND FOR ME TO RECEIVE THE EXACT AMOUNT,IF YOU SEND AS BUSINESS IT WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU AND YOU WILL NEED TO DO AGAIN.

www.phuketiptv.com

r/phuketiptv

CHANNEL LIST = https://pastebin.com/TXNMhV3x

M3U`S STILL GIVEN AS WELL AS MAC ID ACTIVATION AND XTREAM LOGINS

PLEASE CHECK JUNK MAIL FOLDERS OF PAYPAL EMAIL OR OTHER EMAILS YOU USED TO CONTACT ME AS SOME PEOPLE SUB DETAILS ARE GOING THERE UNTIL YOU ACCEPT MY EMAIL ID AS NOT JUNK

NO IP LOCK & ALSO EPG GUIDE COVERING MOST OF THE COUNTRIES

CUSTOM M3U`S ARE NOW E AVAILABLE FOR PAID SUBS (M3U LINK SENT WITH LOGIN DETAILS)

(COUNTRIES NOT UPTO 90% OF CHANNELS WORKING ,BUT ARE BEEN WORKED ON ARE KURDISTAN,,VIETNAM,,MYANMAR,MAYLAYSIA,AFRICA,CARIBBEAN,)



@FindALawyerTIps : Just Added: Biglaw Powerhouse To Accept Bitcoin As Payment – Find a Lawyer Guide https://t.co/Z7fotgEbln

https://mobile.twitter.com/FindALawyerTIps/status/1192161339592056832

My worst (Couchsurfing) experience

TL;DR: My guest robbed me and then disappeared.

I'm tired of storytelling. Story wears off like an old shoe. When I first told it, I was excited because not even me, the storyteller, knew where it would lead. I had the chronological order of events factually in my head, but the emotion, the tone of the voice, the metaphors, it was all up to my inspiration at that very moment and I felt like a kid that was about to make an angel in virgin snow. However, after ten times of telling it, I got bored, but also couldn't simply ignore people's curious questions after I mentioned that my guest, who was also my boyfriend, had robbed me and then disappeared. So I had to yet again relive the sweetness of our first interaction, paranoid outbursts throughout the whole relationship and finally, the aftertaste of maiming anger.

It's easy to judge other people's actions from the comfort of your own indifference. Calling your friend stupid because they trusted a random stranger from the Internet seems like an obvious reaction because you know better and would never do such a dumb thing. And of course, you in your twenties know yourself so well, all the way to bone's marrow, that you can guarantee you would react in certain way in a totally foreign situation. It's easy to brag about how hard you would punch the attacker until a person actually hurts you and suddenly your body is paralyzed by shock. Same goes for the Internet stranger scenario.

He gifted me a puzzle where every piece was either a truth or a lie, and none of them fit together. I chose to play with them regardless. Every piece was one more lead to complete lunacy. Living in a constant place of uncertainty sharpens your senses, but disables you in other ways. You become so desperately focused on one thing that you successfully ignore every little act of kindness from others. Yet, I chose to pay that price. I see beauty in ruins and seek kindness behind prison bars. I am home for the damaged and shelter for the restless. Grey hairs, permanent scars, burn marks, lack of teeth, evil parasitic siamese twin attached to the back... Those things excite me. Conventionally attractive people are beautiful, but the picture on my wall is also beautiful, which doesn't mean I want to have sex with it. He told me he did meth, but was then over it. I've never seen someone drinking vodka like it's a bottle of water consumed after running a marathon. He reminded me of BoJack Horseman, just in human form and with stealing tendencies.

What this man has left behind are a half-empty aftershave bottle, a roasting bag and the densest fog I was unable to navigate within. Instead of carelessly enjoying little happy things in life I was questioning whether or not they were real. Thinking about my experience has repeatedly made me attempt to draw a line between reality and the queue of his poorly constructed lies; unsuccessfully. Imagine trying to bottle smog or doodle on air. At some point I rejected my own judgement of people's characters because I so obviously held absolutely no authority on the topic. I just let things flow by me while I was standing still as a voiceless, opinionless observer. I was a camera, no, I wasn't even that; you can adjust camera angles. Simply put, I viewed life itself from the agnostic standpoint. Is this person stupid? I don't know, quite possible. Do these pancakes taste good? Maybe. Is the sky blue? There's a huge probability, but who knows.

I asked myself numerous times "why me". We had amazing conversations before we even met in person and I still dare to believe no one can fake such connection. What lured me in was his carefully crafted, thoughtfully written introduction message that stood out like a shining diamond amongst generic "hey, can you host me"s. Now, I could draw multiple charts that depict all my theories about the money heist. Did he pick me as a host because of possible financial gain and it just happened that we made each other laugh? Did he really like me and then just used the opportunity? If so, when did this idea first come to his mind? Did he so desperately need a roof over his head and a warm bed that he simply tolerated my presence and faked every single move? Plot twist: I'm far from rich and it was clearly visible from the shoebox I used to live in back then. Couchsurfing has taught me the importance of both gratitude and hospitality, so the concept of sharing a handful of leftover breadcrumbs is something highly nurtured in my household. I guess he took advantage of my values and feasted on those breadcrumbs like a starving vulture.

His stories made little sense. Apparently he owned a real estate company and an entertainment business and was also a Bitcoin adviser. Seriously, pick one. I took everything with a grain of salt and pushed further because I liked coming home to him. I sleep with one eye open, but that doesn't mean I deprive myself of fuzzy dreams. My heart was a vast battlefield on which paranoia and desire to be loved crossed their swords. I caught myself eavesdropping while he was having "a business phone call" in an attempt to find out if there really was a voice on the other side or he was faking the entire conversation and I froze in front of my own self like a deer in the headlights. What kind of a lunatic does that to their boyfriend, a person they're supposed to trust and share intimacy with?

And trust me, life sentence is honeymoon compared to my revenge daydreams, while my darkest fantasies threat to permanently scar everything good in me. Images from day-to-day life were overlapping with sadistic visions like mathematical sets drawn on a blackboard, I've walked through this world fueled only by crippling thirst for vengeance, it became my food, air, music, my good-night fairytale. It overshadowed my dreams and sent my inner child to kneel in the corner. I was suffocating in smoke from my own forest fire and the only way out was through my palms pressed firmly against his throat. Thankfully for both of us, that has never happened.

Also... Was there a voice on the other side?


[uncensored-r/BitcoinMarkets] [Altcoin Discussion] Wednesday, November 06, 2019

The following post by AutoModerator is being replicated because some comments within the post(but not the post itself) have been silently removed.

The original post can be found(in censored form) at this link:

np.reddit.com/r/ BitcoinMarkets/comments/dsawzd

The original post's content was as follows:


Thread topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Discussion related to recent events
  • Technical analysis, trading ideas & strategies
  • General questions about altcoins

Thread guidelines:

  • Be excellent to each other.
  • All regular rules for this subreddit apply, except for number 2. This, and only this, thread is exempt from the requirement that all discussion must relate to bitcoin trading.
  • This is for high quality discussion of altcoins. All shilling or obvious pumping/dumping behavior will result in an immediate one day ban. This is your only warning.
  • No discussion about specific ICOs. Established coins only.

If you're not sure what kind of discussion belongs in this thread, here are some example posts. News, TA, and sentiment analysis are great, too.

Other ways to interact:


China Changes its Stance Towards Bitcoin Mining

https://preview.redd.it/z7rzhmuga2x31.jpg?width=720&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a4220a1b806a59cdf2481d3f09b9f173b7a4fe27

China’s state planner, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), has reportedly removed Bitcoin (BTC) mining from the list of industries that might be eliminated.

Cryptocurrency mining has not been included in the finalized catalog for Guiding Industry Restructuring that will take effect from Jan 1, 2020, per Coindesk. The catalog was published today.

As reported in April, the Commission was seeking public opinions whether Bitcoin mining should be immediately banned. Bitcoin mining was included in a draft list of industrial activities the agency was seeking to stop, as they did not adhere to relevant laws and regulations, were unsafe, wasted resources or polluted the environment.

In either case, despite all efforts to push Bitcoin miners out of the country, Bitcoin mining was never officially illegal in China.

Su Zhu, CEO of Singapore-based investment management firm Three Arrows Capital, reacted by saying that he wouldn't be surprised if "mining becomes designated a strategically important activity at some [point]."

The announcement today comes hot on the heels of the recent urge by China’s President Xi Jinping to accelerate the development of blockchain technology due to its importance "in the new round of technological innovation and industrial transformation" of China.

Chinese miners are already major players in the Bitcoin mining industry. For example, at the time of writing, four largest mining pools (Poolin, BTC.Com, F2Pool and AntPool) are from China and hold almost 63% of the Bitcoin network hashrate, which essentially measures how much computing power is needed to maintain the network.

Bitcoin hashrate distribution

https://preview.redd.it/76to2sb9r3x31.png?width=720&format=png&auto=webp&s=7279160fa38127eab289315c02aab9f4b2228d93

In either case, there are concerns that China holds more influence over Bitcoin than many are ready to admit.

China "threatens the security, stability, and viability of Bitcoin” with its “political and economic control over domestic [cryptocurrency] activity, and control over its internet infrastructure,” a study, published in October 2018, from Princeton and Florida International Universities claimed.

"In theory it's possible for a government to launch a 51% attack. If a government like the US or China decided they wanted to hurt Bitcoin, they could either rapidly shut down a lot of mining power so that they control a majority of what's left, or they could deploy new hashpower that takes over the network," Prof. Matthew Green of John Hopkins University told Cryptonews.com earlier this year. However, he doesn't regard a 51% attack on Bitcoin as especially likely though, due to the enormous expense involved.

"The thing to keep in mind is that 51% attacks, while they're terrible and undermine confidence, basically just allow double spending," says Green. "This is really bad for merchants and exchanges, and in the long run it could make Bitcoin unusable. But it doesn't allow the attacker to, say, steal everyone's coins. And the cost of a rollback goes up as you go farther back in time."

Meanwhile, in 2018, articles from influential state-run Chinese media outlets signaled that further crackdowns could be launched to force out remaining cryptocurrency trading and mining activities from the country. However, until now, miners have shown a surprising resilience.

Nonetheless, many of those mining companies were looking to relocate to more favorable locations overseas such as Iceland, Canada, and the US, to name a few.

At pixel time (07:11 UTC), BTC trades at c. USD 9,410 and is up by 1.45% in the past 24 hours and by 1.47% in the past week.



Looking to upgrade CPU, how to know what is compatible with MOBO socket?

I currently have an AMD Phenom II X2 555 (dual core, very old) and am thinking that at this point even a $30 "less old" CPU would be a notable upgrade. Knowing the CPU I currently have, is there a way to know what newer CPUs are compatible with that MOBO socket? I know Intel and AMD are different sockets, but has AMD kept the same socket for more than a decade? I assume not...

If you care or are curious why I'm not just upgrading to modern stuff: This PC is a dedicated, headless, desktop PC that does nothing but run a Bitcoin node and so I don't need some high-end threadripper gamer build. It works fine as-is, except that it takes just shy of seven D_A_Y_S to sync the blockchain in the unlikely event of a hardware failure. (Only happened once.) Gamers who run a Bitcoin node on a "beast" can synchronize in approx half of a day, for comparison. I'm looking for a small upgrade to get it down to 3 days or so, and from what I can tell the CPU is the bottleneck, not the drive.


11-06 15:24 - '**['SegWit' definition]**: / Separates the transaction into two segments - transaction and witness data -, which fixes transaction malleability, and enables more transactions per block. / *Check out the [crypto terminolog...' by /u/Cryptionary removed from /r/Bitcoin within 337-347min

'''

*['SegWit' definition]1 *:

Separates the transaction into two segments - transaction and witness data -, which fixes transaction malleability, and enables more transactions per block.

Check out the [crypto terminology guide]2 for more 🤖

'''

Context Link

Go1dfish undelete link

unreddit undelete link

Author: /u/Cryptionary

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Daily analysis of cryptocurrencies 20191106 (Market index 53 — Neutral state)

China — Wu Zhen

HK Regulator Announces Blockchain Collaboration With Subsidiary Of Institute Of Digital Currency Of PBoC
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) of China announces on Nov 6 that a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the subsidiaries of Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited and Institute of Digital Currency of People’s Bank of China (PBoC) to conduct a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) trial. The trial aims to connect blockchain-based trade finance platform eTradeConnect and the PBoC Trade Finance Platform. The PoC is expected to begin in the first quarter of 2020.

EU Plans To Launch Public Cryptocurrency
The draft text of the European Union, on Nov 5, urges the bloc to develop a common approach cryptocurrency. That is possibly including the ban projects deemed too risky. In its current form, EU finance ministers could adopt the document next month. That would intensify the EU’s cryptocurrency regulatory campaign, which has so far been only partially regulated in individual EU States. The European Central Bank and other central banks in the EU could usefully explore the opportunities and challenges of central banks issuing digital currencies. That is including by considering concrete measures to this end, the project said. That is prepared by the Finnish Presidency of the EU and subject to possible amendments.

North Korea Sets Up A Blockchain Firm To Launder Cash: UN
North Korea has been using a Hong Kong-based blockchain company to launder money, according to a quarterly report from the UN Security Council’s Sanctions Committee on North Korea.
As reported by South Korean newspaper Chosun, North Korea employed a shipping and logistics firm called Marine China, which runs on a blockchain platform, to avoid international sanctions by laundering stolen cryptocurrency.

Azerbaijan’s Central Bank To Introduce Blockchain-Based Digital Identification System
The process of introducing a digital identification system based on blockchain technology in Azerbaijan will be completed by the end of 2019, Farid Osmanov, director of the information technology department of Azerbaijan’s Central Bank (CBA) said at the IV International Banking Forum in Baku, Trend reports Nov. 6. Osmanov said that this system will be commissioned in the first quarter of 2020.

https://preview.redd.it/h8nvfiv7a2x31.png?width=504&format=png&auto=webp&s=a51678e2a7c8f3f34eaf4886b8c4c744815a2277

After struggling to settle above $9,500, bitcoin started a downside correction against the US Dollar. BTC corrected lower and traded below the $9,400 and $9,350 levels. However, the price stayed above the $9,200 support and the 100 hourly simple moving average.

At the outset, the price is consolidating in a contracting range above the $9,200 support. The last swing high was near $9,435 and the last swing low was near $9,278. The price is currently moving higher above the $9,300 level.

Moreover, there was a break above the 23.6% Fib retracement level of the recent decline from the $9,435 high to $9,278 low. An immediate resistance is near the $9,350 and $9,375 levels.

Encrypted project calendar(November 6, 2019)

STEEM/Steem: The Steem (STEEM) SteemFest 4 conference will be held in Bangkok from November 6th to 10th.
KIM/Kimcoin: Kimcoin (KIM) Bitfinex will be online at KIM on November 6, 2019 at 12:00 (UTC).
Nebulas (NAS): 06 November 2019 Burn Deadline “Be sure to read this announcement & burn your $NAT by November 6th, 3:00p.m. (UTC+8, Beijing time).”
Power Ledger (POWR): 06 November 2019 Book Launch ATTN Perth Power Ledger community, we will be hosting renowned economist Ross Garnaut at our WA office for the launch of his latest book…
Credits (CS): 06 November 2019 Telegram AMA We are happy to announce an AMA session on WolfCryptoPub Telegram channel on the 6th November at 12:00 UTC.
Fetch.ai (FET): 06 November 2019 Telegram AMA “Join @Fetch_ai CTO @pretzelsnake at 4pm UTC on Wednesday for an AMA on @Crypto_Players’ Telegram channel.”

Encrypted project calendar(November 7, 2019)

XRP (XRP): 07 November 2019 Swell 2019 Ripple hosts Swell from November 7th — 8th in Singapore.
BTC/Bitcoin: Malta The A.I. and Blockchain summit will be held in Malta from November 7th to 8th.
Waves (WAVES): 07 November 2019 Joins Odyssey “#Waves is joining Odyssey… We’re kicking off on Nov. 7 at Polaris…”
Komodo (KMD) and 1 other: 07 November 2019 Block Party Amsterdam Block Party Amsterdam in Amsterdam from 17:30–22:00.
Horizen (ZEN): 07 November 2019 Weekly Insider Team updates at 3:30 PM UTC/ 11:30 AM EDT: Engineering, Node network, Product/UX, Helpdesk, Legal, BD, Marketing, CEO Closing thoughts, AMA.
Molecular Future (MOF): 07 November 2019 Encrypted Wine Party Wuzhen Encrypted Wine Party held by global blockchain media coinvoice and JRR crypto in Zhejiang.
NEO (NEO): 07 November 2019 Live on Telegram “Join us for Neo Live at our Telegram channel to chat with @OnTrade1 ! Make sure to join us at 8PM (UTC+8) on Thursday, November 7th!”
Enigma (ENG): 07 November 2019 Waterloo Meetup “Come meet us Thursday evening before the hack to learn about privacy, “secret contracts”, and Salad, a coin-mixing application…”
Ark (ARK): 07 November 2019 Slack AMA “Join the ARK Slack and ask questions — Thursday the 7th of November! This week will be about ARK Explorer & Website (Michel, 6pm UTC)…”

Encrypted project calendar(November 8, 2019)

BTC/Bitcoin: The 2nd Global Digital Mining Summit will be held in Frankfurt, Germany from October 8th to 10th.
IOTX/IoTeX: IoTex (IOTX) will participate in the CES Expo on November 08
TOP (TOP): 08 November 2019 Mainnet Launch “So excited to announce that on November 8th, TOP Network will officially launch the mainnet…”
OKB (OKB): 08 November 2019 OKEx Talks — Valencia “Meet us at our next OKEx Talks in Valencia on 8 Nov with speaker Gustavo Segovia@sepu85 who will look at the benefits of creating
Zenon (ZNN): 08 November 2019 Awareness Fund Payout “Distribution of the fund takes place every Friday until Pillars Lock-in Phase is completed.”
Bytom (BTM): 08 November 2019 Keep Moving Conference “Bytom “Keep MOVing” conference will be held in Wuzhen World Conference. We will invite partners, core community members and devs to…”
WAX (WAXP): 08 November 2019 Infinity Festival We’re at the Infinity Festival in LA this Friday, November 8th. Don’t miss Malcolm CasSelle speaking at this event on digital collectibles.

Encrypted project calendar(November 9, 2019)

CENNZ/Centrality: Centrality (CENNZ) will meet in InsurTechNZ Connect — Insurance and Blockchain on October 9th in Auckland.
HTMLCOIN (HTML): 09 November 2019 (or earlier) Mandatory Wallet Update Mandatory Wallet Update: there will be a soft fork on our blockchain. This update adds header signature verification on block 997,655.
Harmony (ONE): 09 November 2019 Indian Meetups Come & meet us in person on November 9th in our meetups in Bangalore & New Delhi!

Encrypted project calendar(November 10, 2019)

Bibox Token (BIX): 10 November 2019 Bibox Summit “Bibox Summit 2019 — Maximizing Profit On Uptrend Season” from 1 PM — 5 PM (ITV) in Ho Chi Minh City.

Encrypted project calendar(November 11, 2019)

PAX/Paxos Standard: Paxos Standard (PAX) 2019 Singapore Financial Technology Festival will be held from November 11th to 15th, and Paxos Standard will attend the conference.
Crypto.com Coin (CRO): and 3 others 11 November 2019 Capital Warm-up Party Capital Warm-up Party in Singapore.
GoldCoin (GLC): 11 November 2019 Reverse Bitcoin Hardfork The GoldCoin (GLC) Team will be “Reverse Hard Forking” the Bitcoin (BTC) Blockchain…”
Horizen (ZEN): 11 November 2019 (or earlier) Horizen Giveaway — Nodes Horizen Giveaway — Win Free Node Hosting! Entries before November 11th.
SINOVATE (SIN): 11 November 2019 Roadmap V3 SINOVATE (SIN) Roadmap V3 will be released with new upcoming technologies and proof of concepts!

Encrypted project calendar(November 12, 2019)

BTC/Bitcoin: The CoinMarketCap Global Conference will be held at the Victoria Theatre in Singapore from November 12th to 13th
Binance Coin (BNB) and 7 others: 12 November 2019 CMC Global Conference “The first-ever CoinMarketCap large-scale event: A one-of-a-kind blockchain / crypto experience like you’ve never experienced before.”
Aion (AION) and 17 others: 12 November 2019 The Capital The Capital conference from November 12–13 in Singapore.
Loom Network (LOOM): 12 November 2019 Transfer Gateway Update “If you have a dapp that relies on the Transfer Gateway, follow the instructions below to make sure you’re prepared.”

Encrypted project calendar(November 13, 2019)

Fetch.ai (FET): 13 November 2019 Cambridge Meetup “Join us for a@Fetch_ai #Cambridge #meetup on 13 November @pantonarms1.”
Binance Coin (BNB) and 5 others: 13 November 2019 Blockchain Expo N.A. “It will bring together key industries from across the globe for two days of top-level content and discussion across 5 co-located events…”
OKB (OKB): 13 November 2019 Dnipro, Ukraine- Talks Join us in Dnipro as we journey through Ukraine for our OKEx Cryptour on 11 Nov.
Centrality (CENNZ): 13 November 2019 AMA Meetup “Ask our CEO@aaronmcdnz anything in person! Join the AMA meetup on 13 November in Singapore.”
OKB (OKB): 13 November 2019 OKEx Cryptotour Dnipro “OKEx Cryptour Ukraine 2019 — Dnipro” in Dnipro from 6–9 PM (EET).

Encrypted project calendar(November 14, 2019)

BTC/Bitcoin: The 2019 BlockShow Asia Summit will be held at Marina Bay Sands, Singapore from November 14th to 15th.
Binance Coin (BNB): and 4 others 14 November 2019 BlockShow Asia 2019 BlockShow Asia 2019 at Marina Bay Sands Expo, Singapore from November 14–15.
Basic Attention Token (BAT): 14 November 2019 London Privacy Meetup “If you’re in London on Nov. 14th, don’t miss our privacy meetup! The Brave research team, our CPO @johnnyryan, as well as @UoE_EFI
Horizen (ZEN): 14 November 2019 Weekly Insider Team updates at 3:30 PM UTC/ 11:30 AM EDT: Engineering, Node network, Product/UX, Helpdesk, Legal, BD, Marketing, CEO Closing thoughts, AMA.
IOTA (MIOTA): 14 November 2019 Berlin Meetup From Construction to Smart City: IOTA, Maschinenraum & Thinkt Digital will explain, using concrete use cases, how to gain real value from..
Dash (DASH): 14 November 2019 Q3 Summary Call “Dash Core Group Q3 2019 Summary Call — Thursday, 14 November 2019”
NEO (NEO): 14 November 2019 NeoFest Singapore Meetup “Glad to have@Nicholas_Merten from DataDash as our host for #NeoFest Singapore meetup on 14th Nov!”

Encrypted project calendar(November 15, 2019)

TRON (TRX): 15 November 2019 Cross-chain Project “The #TRON cross-chain project will be available on Nov. 15th”
Bluzelle (BLZ): 15 November 2019 (or earlier) CURIE Release CURIE release expected by early November 2019.
Zebi (ZCO): 15 November 2019 ZEBI Token Swap Ends “… We will give 90 days to all the ERC 20 token holders to swap out their tokens into Zebi coins.”
OKB (OKB): 15 November 2019 OKEx Talks — Vilnius “Join us for a meetup on 15 Nov (Fri) for our 1st ever Talks in Vilnius, Lithuania.”

Encrypted project calendar(November 16, 2019)

Bancor (BNT): and 2 others 16 November 2019 Crypto DeFiance-Singapore “Crypto DeFiance is a new global DeFi event embracing established innovators, financial market disruptors, DApp developers…”
NEM (XEM): 16 November 2019 Developer’s Event “BLOCKCHAIN: Creation of Multifirma services” from 10:50 AM — 2 PM.

Encrypted project calendar(November 17, 2019)

OKB (OKB): 17 November 2019 OKEx Talks — Lagos Join us on 17 Nov for another OKEx Talks, discussing the “Life of a Crypto Trader”.

Encrypted project calendar(November 18, 2019)

Maker (MKR): 18 November 2019 MCD Launch “BIG changes to terminology are coming with the launch of MCD on Nov. 18th Say hello to Vaults, Dai, and Sai.”

Encrypted project calendar(November 19, 2019)

Lisk (LSK): 19 November 2019 Lisk.js “We are excited to announce liskjs2019 will take place on November 19th. This all day blockchain event will include…”

Encrypted project calendar(November 20, 2019)

OKB (OKB): 20 November 2019 OKEx Cryptour Odessa Ukr “Join us in Odessa as we journey through Ukraine for our OKEx Cryptour!”

Encrypted project calendar(November 21, 2019)

Cardano (ADA): and 2 others 21 November 2019 Meetup Netherlands (AMS) “This meetup is all about how to decentralize a blockchain, the problems and differences between Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake…”
Cappasity (CAPP): 21 November 2019 Virtuality Paris 2019 “Cappasity to demonstrate its solution for the interactive shopping experience at Virtuality Paris 2019.”
Horizen (ZEN): 21 November 2019 Weekly Insider Team updates at 3:30 PM UTC/ 11:30 AM EDT: Engineering, Node network, Product/UX, Helpdesk, Legal, BD, Marketing, CEO Closing thoughts, AMA.
OKB (OKB): 21 November 2019 OKEx Talks — Johannesburg “Join us the largest city of South Africa — Johannesburg where we will host our OKEx Talks on the 21st Nov.”
IOST (IOST): 22 November 2019 Singapore Workshop Join the Institute of Blockchain for their 2nd IOST technical workshop in Singapore on 22 Nov 2019. The workshop includes IOST’s key tech.
OKB (OKB): 22 November 2019 St. Petersberg Talks “Join us in St. Petersberg on 22 Nov as we answer your questions on Crypto Security. “

Encrypted project calendar(November 22, 2019)

IOST (IOST): 22 November 2019 Singapore Workshop Join the Institute of Blockchain for their 2nd IOST technical workshop in Singapore on 22 Nov 2019. The workshop includes IOST’s key tech
OKB (OKB): 22 November 2019 St. Petersberg Talks “Join us in St. Petersberg on 22 Nov as we answer your questions on Crypto Security. “

Encrypted project calendar(November 27, 2019)

OKB (OKB): 27 November 2019 OKEx Cryptour Vinnytsia “Join us in Vinnytsia as we journey through Ukraine for our OKEx Cryptour!”
Fetch.ai (FET): 27 November 2019 London Meetup “Join us on 27 November @primalbasehq to hear an exciting progress report as we prepare for the launch of our #mainnet”

Encrypted project calendar(November 28, 2019)

Horizen (ZEN): 28 November 2019 Weekly Insider Team updates at 3:30 PM UTC/ 11:30 AM EDT: Engineering, Node network, Product/UX, Helpdesk, Legal, BD, Marketing, CEO Closing thoughts, AMA.

Encrypted project calendar(November 30, 2019)

Ethos (ETHOS): 30 November 2019 (or earlier) Rebranding “In November, we unveil the broker token, a dynamic utility token to power our commission-free crypto trading and broker platform, Voyager.”
Digitex Futures (DGTX): 30 November 2019 Public Testnet Launch “…We can expect to see the world’s first zero-commission futures trading platform live on the Ethereum public testnet from 30th November.”
Monero (XMR): 30 November 2019 Protocol Upgrade “Preliminary information thread regarding the scheduled protocol upgrade of November 30.”
Chiliz (CHZ): 30 November 2019 (or earlier) Fiat to CHZ Exchanges “We will add another two fiat to $CHZ exchanges in November…”
Skrumble Network (SKM): 30 November 2019 (or earlier) P2P & Group Calling “P2P & Group Video Calling,” during November 2019.
Aergo (AERGO): 30 November 2019 (or earlier) Mainnet 2.0 Upgrade Mainnet 2.0 Protocol update by end of November.
Akropolis (AKRO): 30 November 2019 (or earlier) Beta Release “All functionality has been deployed to mainnet.”
Nash Exchange (NEX): 30 November 2019 (or earlier) Mobile Strategy Phase 2 “Phase 2 of our mobile strategy will be live soon with our wallet and portfolio app hitting stores in November!”

Encrypted project calendar(November 31, 2019)

Wanchain (WAN): 31 December 2019 (or earlier) Wanchain 4.0 Release Wanchain 4.0, which introduces private chains integration and multi-coin wallet, released in Dec 2019.
QuarkChain (QKC): 31 December 2019 (or earlier) Token Testnet Release Testnet for Multi-Native-Token and New Consensuses.

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[November 06, 2019] Weekly Electra Discussion Thread!

Welcome to the /r/Electra_Currency Weekly Discussion Thread


Current important posts



Thread Guidelines:


  • Be familiar with the subreddit rules..
  • Please be helpful and friendly.
  • DON'T DISCUSS YOUR HOLDINGS WITH OTHERS!

Daily discussions will be used for:


  • Quick questions that do not warrant a separate post.
  • General discussion related to the week's events.


Hong Kong regulator to unveil nw cryptocurrency exchange rules

Hong Kong’s financial regulator — the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) — will publish a new set of regulations for Bitcoin (BTC) and cryptocurrency exchanges today. The news, reported by Reuters on Nov. 6, was announced by Chief Executive Ashley Alder at a local fintech event.

Regulatory clarity for crypto exchanges operating in Hong Kong

The new requirements will detail how exchanges much approach custody, compliance such as Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering rules, among other issues.

“The framework will enable virtual asset trading platforms to be regulated by the SFC, a major development which builds on a way forward I outlined at the same time last year,” said Alder.

SFC first established guidelines for crypto funds and exchanges in November 2018. Now, a year later, the regulator is taking that work forward, Alder told the conference on Wednesday.

Huobi could become first licensed exchange in HK

Commenting on the news, private investor Dovey Wan says that this is a big deal for the entire cryptocurrency industry. She points out that Huobi, in particular, may already be on its way to becoming the first licensed exchange in Hong Kong.

“WOW this is BIG,” wrote Wan. “Hongkong SEC will announce detail in about an hour regarding cryptocurrency exchange application criteria.” She added:

“Considering Huobi has already backdoor listed on HKex, this will def play them a huge favor to be the first legalized Chinese crypto exchange.”

https://preview.redd.it/im4p720ig1x31.jpg?width=1200&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=b67dec76b9df614d1d80d24aa944304ee7b3c9d2


🔥🔥#HawkNetwork School Event is BACK! but nearly full! ⚠️5k/20k spaces ONLY! Learn about Crypto and get paid!🎓#IEO #OKEx #blockchain #bitcoin #Klaytn https://t.co/MUyklFxcVF https://t.co/J7rJDR0aE5

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In The Light of Recent Events: "Because Bitcoin Cash is effectively Bitcoin" 😎

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFOPSUtcUPc

RSK: The Most Profitable Merged Mining Platform on Bitcoin

The idea behind the creation of RSK is to give Bitcoin´s blockchain, smart contract functionalities.

It is one of the most interesting platforms to develop smart contracts as it combines Bitcoin´s network security with the ease of use of Solidity. To power its system, Rootstock uses merged mining. Wondering what merged mining is all about? Let´s get started!

Brief Overview of Proof-of-Work

Let’s quickly summarize proof-of-work (POW) before going any further.

  • The miners solve cryptographic puzzles to “mine” a block in order to add to the blockchain.
  • This process requires an immense amount of energy and computational usage. The puzzles have been designed in a way that makes it hard and taxing on the system.
  • When a miner solves the puzzle, they present their block to the network for verification.

Mining in Bitcoin’s ecosystem is a tough process. This is why miners pool their resources and hashrate together to create “mining pools.” Mining pools follow the client-server architecture where the miners (the clients) connect to the poolserver (the server). The poolserver runs one of the mining pool server software. Some common softwares are CKpool, BTCpool, and Eloipool.

If you want to gain a more in-depth look into POW then check out this guide. For now, let’s get deeper into merged mining.

What is Merged Mining?

Merged mining is a mechanism that allows different cryptocurrencies, that use the same algorithm, to be mined together. So, in this case, since both Bitcoin and RSK are based on the SHA-256 algorithm, they can be mined together via merged mining. The two biggest advantages of merged mining are:

  • Greatly reducing the investment costs for miners since they won’t need to buy brand new equipment.
  • Cryptocurrencies with lower hashrate can gain additional hashing power by piggybacking off a cryptocurrency with higher hashrate.
  • Miners can also earn extra rewards by maintaining the secondary chain.

Namecoin was the first cryptocurrency to merge-mine with Bitcoin. Let’s see an overview of how the merge-mining process works:

  • The block id from the secondary blockchain is embedded in the block of the primary blockchain. This block id is the cryptographic hash of a block in the secondary chain.
  • This secondary block hash is prefixed by a merge-mining “tag.” This tag is can be some short descriptive text or magic bytes.
  • To avoid confusion, a block in the primary chain cannot be associated with more than one block of the secondary chain.
  • To ensure the overall security of merged mining, it must be more difficult to create a primary-blockchain block that can be associated with two blocks from the same secondary blockchain than to mine two different primary-blockchain blocks, one for each association, at the difficulty of the secondary blockchain.

In RSK-Bitcoin case, the RSK block difficulty compares to 70-bit security, while Bitcoin difficulty compares to 74 bits.

Bitcoin mining pools usually include a reference to RSK’s block in every mining job they deliver to the miners. Every time the miners find a solution, it is compared to both the Bitcoin and RSK difficulties. Following that, there are three possible outcomes:

  • The solution satisfies Bitcoin network difficulty. The block is assembled and sent to the network. The Bitcoin network will also propagate RSK’s merged mining reference. Since the RSK difficulty is lower than Bitcoin, this solution will work for RSK.
  • The solution satisfies RSK but not Bitcoin. The solution will be submitted to the RSK network and not to the Bitcoin network.
  • The solution doesn’t satisfy any of the difficulty requirements.

Whatever be the case, the solution that is finally submitted to RSK allows the node to build an SPV proof. If the proof is valid, it is included as part of the block that will be sent to the network.

Looking deeper into Merged Mining

A bitcoin header works like a POW proxy in merged mining. The RSK blockchain interprets the POW of the Bitcoin block header. It searches for the tag within the block to know which RSK chain block is supposed to be linked to it. Also, keep in mind that the RSK blockchain doesn’t need a full Bitcoin block to validate the POW of the Bitcoin header and associate it with the corresponding RSK header. A simple SPV proof will be enough to establish this relationship. We will explore SPV proofs more in a bit. For now, let’s get a better understanding of the RSK tag.

The current format of the RSK tag is: RSKBLOCK:RskBlockHeaderHash

  • “RSKBLOCK:” is an ASCII string consisting of the bytes: 52 53 4b 42 4c 4f 43 4b 3a.
  • RskBlockHeaderHash is the Keccak hash digest of the RSK Block header in binary format, without the merged mining fields, which are filled after the PoW is solved.

While not mandatory, an RSK tag should be included after the OP_RETURN OP_PUSHDATA1 opcodes in an output script. This helps prevent spamming the Bitcoin UTXO.

The RskBlockHeaderHash is created by the standard RSK node (rskj daemon). The poolserver plugin polls the rskj daemon and maintains the latest RskBlockHeaderHash value to provide to the poolserver.

Along with these, the following additional restrictions may apply:

  • The number of bytes following the RskBlockHeaderHash, up to the end of the coinbase transaction, must be lower than or equal to 128 bytes.
  • The binary string “RSKBLOCK:” (52 53 4b 42 4c 4f 43 4b 3a) must not be included in the trailing raw bytes.
  • If the RSK tag is located in a non-last output script, then there may be some chance of it appearing in the bytes of the next output. This is why it is highly recommended to use the last output script for the RSK tag.
  • If the RSK tag is located in the coinbase field, then there is a chance that “RSKBLOCK:” may appear in the coinbase field.

What are SPV proofs?

As mentioned above, the association between the secondary RSK blockchain and the primary Bitcoin blockchain can be established by an SPV proof. SPV proof mainly comprises of Merkle tree membership proofs.

The blue boxes represent the information that is included in the SPV proof and transmitted along the RSK block. Due to the restrictions placed by the trailing bytes, RSK full node will be creating a compressed version of the SPV proof which will consist of:

  • The Bitcoin block header (80 bytes).
  • A Merkle Branch to the Coinbase transaction (approximately 320 bytes).
  • A mid-state of SHA-256 consuming the head of the coinbase transaction (32 bytes).
  • A 64-byte aligned chunk consists of a trail of the coinbase transaction and the RSK tag (max 169 bytes).
  • Presently, the maximum size of an SPV merge-mining proof is 780 bytes.

The poolserver software can send to the rskj daemon the full block or this SPV proof. If rskj receives a block, it will parse it and extract the necessary fields to build the SPV proof.

Merged Mining Difficulty

Before going further, let’s understand what difficulty means and why this concept was introduced in the first place. Bitcoin, as you may know, has a hard cap of 21 million coins. As more miners entered the space, it needed to do something to prevent them from pumping all the coins out into the ecosystem.

To prevent the supply of bitcoins from going out of hand and to make it a more sustainable model, Satoshi Nakamoto integrated difficulty mechanism. As more and more blocks get mined, the difficulty of the cryptographic puzzles increases exponentially. Basically, the more bitcoins you mine out, the more difficult the process of mining becomes.

Now that you know what it means consider this — the difficulty of the RSK chain is much lower than the difficulty of Bitcoin. Internally, the difficulty is translated into a “target,” which is inversely proportional to the difficulty. The target is a 256-bit unsigned integer.

Approximate targets for merged mined blockchain, on the same day. RSK has a higher target because blocks are 20 times more frequent.

This is the reason why a block header that solves the RSK POW puzzle may not be accepted by the Bitcoin network, since it may not satisfy its difficulty. So, the question to ask here is, how can a mining pool detect an RSK block if they are always looking out for a Bitcoin block? Well, it turns out that the miners are always looking to solve blocks at lower difficulty anyway. These intermediate, low difficulty blocks are called “shares” and are required by the poolserver for accounting. Many miners in the pools will actively create more shares between real solutions to provide higher granularity for accounting miners’ contributions.

Here are some more things to keep in mind about shares:

  • The shares are transmitted to the poolserver pretty regularly. The server can accordingly split future earnings between the involved miners, depending upon their hashing contribution.
  • The difficulty of the Bitcoin blocks can sometimes drop, depending on the overall hashing power of the system. This is why a share is transmitted within the system because it may be the solution to the current Bitcoin POW puzzle.
  • If the share’s hash digest is lower than Bitcoin’s current target, then it gets forwarded to the bitcoind daemon, which spreads it over the network.
  • Different secondary blockchains may have different difficulties. This is why a merged mined capable poolserver must compare the target of the share to all the targets of the secondary blockchains that it supports. So if the share satisfies RSK’s target then the corresponding block is deemed valid to the RSK network.

RSK Merged Mining Security

A rational miner in RSK’s merged mining mechanism will need to conduct only 2⁶⁹ operations (the current difficulty of RSK). An irrational attacker will need to compute as much as 2⁸⁰ hash operations in less than 30 seconds to inflict any sort of damage to the system. In order to conduct this attack, this irrational attacker will have to invest in 2000 times more hardware than the rational miner. The investment would amount to around five trillion dollars.

However, there is one more thing to consider here. The attacker can only produce one or more blocks that share the POW for the same RSK block height. If that’s the case, then it’s just a waste of 5 trillion dollars at the end of the day.

Hypothetical SHA256 vulnerability

RSK uses a non-standard cryptographic trick to compress the generation transaction. RSK only transmits the tail instead of the full transaction by hashing from the midstate of the Merkle–Damgård construction. However, this trick assumes the SHA256 algorithm to be completely resistant to “freestart collision.” According to RSK’s setup, the SHA256 needs to be at least as secure as brute-forcing 80 bits.

No freestart collision has been found in SHA256, and the best results correspond to finding semi-free-start collisions in a reduced-round version of SHA256 (38 of the 64 rounds, at the cost of 2⁶⁵ operations).

So far, the algorithm has been deemed safe for use. However, if such an attack is discovered, RSK can be protected by a network upgrade. In that case, RSK will not use the cryptographic compression trick. This will, however, lead to a small increase in block size.

NOTE: If SHA256 does suffer from a free-start collision attack, it would render it completely useless. This will be extremely problematic from Bitcoin as well.

Also, RSK’s 1.0.0 release provides 80-bit security against possible tag collisions. An 80-bit collision attack is theoretically, economically and computationally irrational.

  • Computational POV: An attack of this magnitude will need an unrealistic amount of memory. Also, the CPU cost of the collision attack is more than 2000 times higher than the cost of solving the RSK PoW puzzle (69 vs. 80 bits).
  • Theoretical POV: RSK’s DECOR+ consensus the colliding blocks would share the block reward, so there is no benefit to find new siblings of past blocks if the past block reward is approximately equal to the reward of a new block. What this essentially means is that the attacker would be mainly competing with themselves.
  • Economic POV: An honest merged miner earns Bitcoin transaction fees, so merged mining is subsidized by Bitcoin. An attacker, on the other hand, will have to pay the full cost of the collision attack. This means that any attack on the POW linkage is not cost-efficient.

According to RSK, “We think the tag is secure for the next 20 years, even considering a breakthrough in computing efficiency. However, if computing trends radically change, a future network upgrade could easily expand the size of the hash to the full 32 bytes.”

Conclusion

RSK is the most profitable option for merged mining on Bitcoin. The RSK team has developed several fully working plugins for several pool implementations such as CoiniumServ, CKpool, BTCpool, and Eloipool. Other pools have implemented their own plugins. They personally recommend CKpool over other mining pool software as it is appropriately optimized. If you are a mining pool that wants to get started, just follow the instructions on the RSK merged mining section.

Thanks Rajarshi Mitra, the author, for the profound views on RSK. Here is the original link of the article: https://blockgeeks.com/guides/rsk-the-most-profitable-merged-mining-platform-on-bitcoin/?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0



How to Use Bitcoin SegWit Transactions: a Guide

https://dashbrokerreview.com/how-to-use-bitcoin-segwit-transactions-a-guide/