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Some thoughts at 3500$ for new and old.
Let's say you over-extended yourself and bought 2 BTC at 4k. Consider establishing a stop-loss to limit your liability. You can choose to sell and take the 1000$ loss as a valuable but cheap lesson in speculating; this market is a speculative jungle and you're only making money in the short term by actively playing the market, e.g. if you bought at 3700 and sold at 4400 before price declined again you would be pretty satisfied with yourself.
If you believe bitcoin will eventually become a digital reserve currency or at least see another all time high (ATH) at which you'll sell a portion and want to invest for the long term despite market volatility your other choice is to Dollar Cost Average your crypto. NB: that this does not mean buying in a lump sum, it is profoundly misguided to heavily leverage yourself to "go all in," which is an english phrase used in gambling. If you take this position the wisest course is to budget a small amount you can afford to lose and routinely buy crypto at set intervals regardless of losses.
For example, let's say that you put a small amount once a month into your crypto fund and the price has decreased by 500$/mo. If you bought set amounts at 6k, 5.5k, 5k, 4.5k, 4k, 3.5k then your DCA would be 4.75k/BTC, you're still down but not as badly as if you were to buy once at 6k. Ideally the price will eventually rise, so if you buy down to 3k then at 3.5k, 4k, 4.5k, 5k, 5.5k, 6k, & 6.5k your DCA is still 4.75k/BTC but the price is 6.5k/BTC. Feels pretty good, right? Now take a look at how long it took to get to this point in an improbable perfect scenario: 14 months. Note that this is for demonstration purposes only, not a prediction, and if we actualize sustained growth after this we're probably looking at much longer bumpier road.
If you're new or have pulled out to limit your losses, just be patient and keep watching the price. No one knows how low it will go and trying to anticipate that and exhausting your resources the moment you think we've hit bottom is a recipe for regret. Work on your budget now and when we see a sustained recovery start routinely contributing small amounts to your crypto fund. If you have debt the single most important step you can take towards financial independence is to pay it off and limit your use of credit. Consider building an emergency fund with 3-6 months of expenses before contributing heavily to a risky crypto fund.
Take this exciting/tumultuous period to learn about BTC and how to use it, we contribute to the ecosystem when we participate in further decentralizing the network and the benefits of bitcoin are fully realized when it's used as a currency. Put a wallet on your phone and computer, check out hardware wallets such as the Ledger to store large amounts while keeping spending money on your phone. Offer to accept bitcoin as payment, learn what private keys are and why it's important to hold them yourself rather than letting an exchange hold them. If you just bought some coins on an exchange because everyone is talking about bitcoin but didn't look much further than TAs, you can read this ELI5 article to get you started. Consider reading the Cypherpunk Manifesto and the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto's Whitepaper. Google what you don't understand, ask what you can't find on Google. Andreas Antonopoulos is a bitcoin expert/evangelist/apologetic and has extensive talks/Q&As on his YT Channel.
If you're "in it for the tech" then consider contributing to the Lightning Network by running a node, if you're a tinkerer /u/Stadicus has a pinned post that's a cool crypto project and costs about 125$. Raspiblitz project is linked in the comments to that thread and incorporates an LCD screen which /u/CBDoctor used to make this legit node/art installation. Alternately you can buy a ready-made Casa node for 300$.
Hopefully y'all will post some additional thoughts and suggestions for further reading/tinkering in the comments.
Nour!
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HyperionX is a community-driven space, where an organic self-sufficient ecosystem is created. They include a decentralized marketplace with rewards for watching ads and completing surveys, as well as a foolproof tipping tool, designed to inspire goodwill and stimulate content and transactions.
https://i.redd.it/tciimjq41q221.jpg
Step-by-Step Guide:
OTHER REVIEWED AIRDROPS: ENERGI - NR 1 !!!, IDAP.IO, DACC, COTRADER, BRAVO PAY, BITCOIN BULL, DEEP CLOUD AI, CRYPTOINDEX, IOVO, CRYPTO CIRCLE X, ND INVEST, WELLETH, SOCIALREMIT, DIGITEX FUTURES, EXCOLONY, SPORTSFIX, SPHEROID UNIVERSE and many more...
For more Valuable Airdrops please follow our Steemit.
#airdrop #airdropy #kryptowaluta #kryptowaluty #bitcoin #altcoin #blockchain #token #ico #airdrops #ethereum #cryptocurrency
HyperionX is a community-driven space, where an organic self-sufficient ecosystem is created. They include a decentralized marketplace with rewards for watching ads and completing surveys, as well as a foolproof tipping tool, designed to inspire goodwill and stimulate content and transactions.
https://i.redd.it/o1hfsn5v2q221.jpg
Step-by-Step Guide:
OTHER REVIEWED AIRDROPS: ENERGI - NR 1 !!!, IDAP.IO, DACC, COTRADER, BRAVO PAY, BITCOIN BULL, DEEP CLOUD AI, CRYPTOINDEX, IOVO, CRYPTO CIRCLE X, ND INVEST, WELLETH, SOCIALREMIT, DIGITEX FUTURES, EXCOLONY, SPORTSFIX, SPHEROID UNIVERSE and many more...
For more Valuable Airdrops please follow our Steemit.
#airdrop #airdropy #kryptowaluta #kryptowaluty #bitcoin #altcoin #blockchain #token #ico #airdrops #ethereum #cryptocurrency
HyperionX is a community-driven space, where an organic self-sufficient ecosystem is created. They include a decentralized marketplace with rewards for watching ads and completing surveys, as well as a foolproof tipping tool, designed to inspire goodwill and stimulate content and transactions.
https://i.redd.it/lfrl764t3q221.jpg
Step-by-Step Guide:
OTHER REVIEWED AIRDROPS: ENERGI - NR 1 !!!, IDAP.IO, DACC, COTRADER, BRAVO PAY, BITCOIN BULL, DEEP CLOUD AI, CRYPTOINDEX, IOVO, CRYPTO CIRCLE X, ND INVEST, WELLETH, SOCIALREMIT, DIGITEX FUTURES, EXCOLONY, SPORTSFIX, SPHEROID UNIVERSE and many more...
For more Valuable Airdrops please follow our Steemit.
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📷
This is a cross post - selling on a couple of other forums as well but thought perhaps this one may have more exposure. Thusly, cross feedback is available on these aforementioned platforms. That said, I understand I am new HERE.
If anyone needs to get ahold of me for any reason pertinent or otherwise, PM me, I am here. Will be adding more soon and will try to evaluate prices, but no guarantee on a timely manner of that, offer if you see something you like. I understand some of the brand new and sealed stuff is better for eBay - but trying here first.
I will consider all offers! Will ship international, worldwide!
Offers entertained and encouraged. Paypal accepted, Bitcoin or major alts strongly preferred.
WTS:
Saturn:
Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together JPN - Complete w/ Spine Card, 15 shipped.
PSX:
Beyond the Beyond - Complete, 35 shipped.
Psybadek - New/sealed, 15 shipped.
O.D.T. Escape or Die Trying - Complete, 8 shipped.
Puzzle Star Sweep - Complete, 11 shipped.
Wii:
Sin and Punishment Star Successor - Sealed/New Wii - 14 shipped
Zack and Wiki - Used, complete, case/manual in poor condition. 9 shipped.
Ps3:
Sonic Ultimate Genesis Collection - Used, complete, 15 shipped.
Darksiders - Used, complete, 10 shipped.
Resident Evil 5 - Used, complete, 10 shipped.
PSP:
Exit - Used, complete, 10 shipped.
Ps2:
I-Ninja - New/Sealed - 29 shipped.
Wrath Unleashed - New/Sealed 45 shipped.
Fantavision - New/sealed 18 shipped.
Ultimate Spiderman - Complete, 16 shipped.
Ring of Red - Complete, 14 shipped
Transformers - Complete, 12 shipped.
Primal - Complete, 12 shipped.
Prince of Persia Warrior Within - Complete, 9 shipped.
Super Bust a Move - Complete, 8 shipped.
Kengo Master of Bushido - Complete, 6 shipped.
Tekken Tag Tournament - Complete, 6 shipped.
SSX Tricky - Complete, some scuffing on the case, 12 shipped.
Armored Core 2 - Complete, 8 shipped.
Dynasty Warriors 3 - Complete, 11 shipped.
The Bouncer - New/Sealed, offer.
Dynasty Warriors 4 - Complete, 8 shipped.
EverQuest Online Adventures - Complete, take it!
Auto Modellista - Complete, 7 shipped.
Jet X20 - Complete, 5 shipped.
Ring of Red - Complete, 19 shipped.
Phantom Brave - New/Sealed, 28 shipped (also have guide which can be worked into the deal somehow).
RPG Maker II - New/Sealed, 40 shipped.
No One Lives Forever - Complete, 9 shipped.
Bombastic - New/sealed, 14 shipped.
Mad Maestro - New/sealed, 12 shipped.
SSX - Complete, 10 shipped.
Dragonball Z: Budokai - Complete, 12 shipped.
Ready 2 Rumble: Round 2 - Complete, 6 shipped.
Kessen - Complete, 6 shipped.
Max Payne - Complete, take it.
Big Mutha Truckers - Complete, take it.
Guitar Hero - Game / case / manual only, 5 shipped.
Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution - Complete, 7 shipped.
32X:
NBA Jam T.E. - 12 shipped.
Gamecube:
007 Agent Under Fire - Complete, 8 shipped.
Battalion Wars - New/sealed, 40 shipped.
ChibiRobo - 90
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles JPN - Complete, 13 shipped.
Geist - Complete, 23 shipped.
Legend of Zelda Master Quest Bonus Disc (Full Ocarina Game/Master Quest game on Gamecube) - New/sealed 90 shipped.
MegaMan Anniversary Collection - Complete, 20 shipped.
Phantasy Star Online Episode I & II - Complete, 50 shipped.
Robotech: Battlecry - New/Sealed, offer.
Spiderman 2 - Used, complete, 10 shipped.
Star Wars Rogue Squadron: Rebel Strike Preview Disc - Complete, 18 shipped.
TMNT Battle Nexus 2 - Complete, great shape - 18 shipped.
Tom Clancey's Splinter Cell - Complete, 10 shipped.
Viewtiful Joe 2 - Complete, 10 shipped.
Super Nintendo:
Captain America and the Avengers - 20 shipped.
Eye of the Beholder - 13 shipped.
Final Fantasy Mystic Quest - 18 shipped.
Final Fight - 14 shipped
Final Fight - 14 shipped
F-Zero - 14 shipped.
Inindo Way of the Ninja - 22 shipped.
JPN Aladdin - Whatever
JPN NBA Jam - Whatever
Knights of the Round - 75 shipped.
Mario Paint (has mouse) - 16 shipped.
MegaMan X - 30 shipped
Mortal Kombat II - 13 shipped.
NFL Quarterback Club - 5 shipped.
Pac Man 2 Adventures of Pac Man - 6 shipped.
Pitfall - 7 shipped.
Populous - 5 shipped.
Star Wars Super Empire Strikes Back - 10 shipped
Super Empire Strikes Back - 10 shipped.
Super GameBoy - 18 shipped
Super Mario All Stars - 17 shipped.
Super Mario Kart - 30 shipped.
Super Mario World - 14 shipped
Super Mario World - 15 shipped.
Super Return of the Jedi - 12 shipped.
Super Star Wars - 10 shipped.
Taz Mania - 7 shipped.
Wing Commander - The Secret Missions - 9 shipped.
Genesis:
Aladdin - 10 shipped.
Alisia Dragoon - 50 shipped.
Altered Beast - 7 shipped.
Bernstein Bear: Camping Adventure - 7 shipped.
Chester Cheetah: Too Cool to Fool - 8 shipped.
Desert Demolition (Road Runner/Coyote) - 6 shipped.
Ecco the Dolphin - 6 shipped.
Gunstar Heroes - 50 shipped.
Hook - 5 shipped.
Jurassic Park: Rampage Edition - 6 shipped.
Lion King - 9 shipped.
Maximum Carnage - Red cart, 12 shipped.
Mig-29 Fighter Pilot - 7 shipped.
Mortal Kombat - 6 shipped.
Mortal Kombat II - Box/cart - 20 shipped.
Mystic Defender - 9 shipped.
NBA Jam - 7 shipped.
NFL 98 - 6 shipped.
Olympic Summer Games - 6 shipped.
Phantasy Star III - 32 shipped.
Power Rangers - 7 shipped.
Road Rash - 18 shipped.
Shadow Dancer The Secret of Shinobi - Tear on label, 8 shipped.
Shining in the Darkness - 18 shipped.
Sonic 2 - 6 shipped.
Sonic 3 - Box/cart - 14 shipped.
Sonic the Hedgehog - 7 shipped.
Space Harrier II - 11 shipped.
Street Fighter II Special Championship Edition - 9 shipped.
Tecmo Super Bowl - 11 shipped.
Toy Story - 9 shipped.
Virtua Racing - 10 shipped.
WeaponLord - 11 shipped.
Williams Arcade's Greatest Hits - 8 shipped.
Winter Olympic Games - 7 shipped
World of Illusion Starring Donald Duck and Mickey - 10 shipped.
X-Men - 9 shipped.
X-Men -Box/cart - 15 shipped.
NES:
Advanced D&D Heroes of the Lance - 15 shipped.
Battle Chess - 8 shipped.
Bomberman - 25 shipped.
Castlequest - 10 shipped.
Classic Concentration - 8 shipped.
Cobra Triangle - 9 shipped.
Code Name Viper - 15 shipped.
Crystalis - 18 shipped.
Defender II - 6 shipped.
Double Dragon - 13 shipped.
Double Dragon III - 20 shipped.
Excitebike - 12 shipped.
Exodus - 10 shipped.
Faxanadu - 13 shipped.
Final Fantasy - 20 shipped.
Galaga - 12 shipped.
Gauntlet II - 13 shipped.
Ghosts 'N Goblins - 12 shipped.
Gradius - 8 shipped.
Hydlide - 7 shipped.
Indiana Jones Temple of Doom (black cart) - 12 shipped
Iron Sword - 6 shipped.
Jeopardy! - 6 shipped.
Legacy of the Wizard - 10 shipped.
Lode Runner - 10 shipped.
Marble Madness - 6 shipped.
Mario 3 - 15 shipped.
Mario Bros / Duck Hunt - 7 shipped.
Mission Impossible - 7 shipped.
Monopoly - 7 shipped.
Monster Party - 9 shipped.
Mystery Quest - 8 shipped.
Renegade - 8 shipped.
Robocop - 7 shipped.
Rolling Thunder - 8 shipped.
Rush 'n Attack - 7 shipped.
Section Z - 7 shipped.
Shinobi - 18 shipped.
Strider - 8 shipped.
Super Pitfall - 10 shipped.
T&C Surf Design - 10 shipped.
Tecmo Bowl - 14 shipped.
Tecmo Super Bowl - 19 shipped.
Tecmo World Wrestling - 8 shipped.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - 10 shipped.
The Black Bass - 8 shipped.
The Goonies II - 7 shipped.
Time Lord - 7 shipped.
Yo Noid - 14 shipped.
Yoshi's Cookie - 8 shipped.
Nintendo 64:
Army Men: Sarge's Heroes - 12 shipped.
Donkey Kong 64 - 25 shipped.
Duke Nukem 64 - 18 shipped
Duke Nukem Zero Hour - 8 shipped
Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine - 45 shipped.
JPN Yoshi' Story - 15 shipped.
Lego Racers - 15 shipped
Lode Runner 3D - 10 shipped.
Mario 64 - 25 shipped
Pokemon Puzzle League - 20 shipped.
Pokemon Stadium - 16 shipped
Quest 64 - 15 shipped.
Rocket Robot on Wheels - 23 shipped.
Rogue Squadron - 15 shipped
Shadows of the Empire - 10 shipped
Snowboard Kids - 27 shipped
Turok Rage Wars Black Cart - 14 shipped
Wave Race - 8 shipped
360:
Assassin's Creed - Used, complete, 10 shipped.
Devil May Cry 4 - Complete, 10 shipped.
DragonAge Origins + Awakening, Complete, 12 shipped.
Halo ODST + Forza 3 Combo - Complete, 12 shipped.
Halo Ultimate Companion DVD - 10 shipped.
Last Remnant - Used, complete, 10 shipped.
Perfect Dark Zero - Complete, 9 shipped.
Rainbow Six: Vegas - Complete, 8 shipped.
Xbox:
Armed and Dangerous - Complete, 10 shipped.
Guilty Gear X2 Reload - Complete, 8 shipped.
Red Faction II - Complete, 15 shipped.
Star Wars Clone Wars / Tetris Worlds - New/Sealed - 25 shipped.
Thief Deadly Shadows - Complete, 10 shipped.
Toejam and Earl III - New/Sealed, offer.
Voodoo Vince - New/sealed, 33 shipped.
Dreamcast:
Dino Crisis - New/sealed, offer.
Draconus: Cult of the Wyrm - Complete, 15 shipped.
NBA 2K - Complete, 5 shipped.
NBA 2K1 - Complete, 6 shipped.
Rainbow Six - Complete, 9 shipped.
Seventh Cross Evolution - Complete, 25 shipped.
Spec Ops II: Omega Squad - Complete, 10 shipped.
Speed Devils: Online Racing - Complete, black label, 13 shipped.
Test Drive LE Mans - Complete, 10 shipped.
Worms Armageddon - Complete, 15 shipped.
DS:
Feel the Magic - Used/complete, 9 shipped.
Magnetica - New/sealed 25 shipped
Mario and Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story Nintendo DS - New/sealed 55shipped.
Ping Pals - Complete, 6 shipped.
Touch Detective - New/sealed - 35 shipped
I'll take PayPal, but I really prefer Bitcoin/Stellar and major altcoins and may be more willing to flex price when receiving crypto.
More coming...
Also, when offering in comments or message, please specify what for of payment as it may have a determination of my response (IE preferring crypto, I may go a little lower than USD and traditional payment gateways).
I think I purged everything I sold so far here and on eBay/forums, should be accurate.
Completed trades thread:
https://www.reddit.com/r/mushroomkingdom/comments/9b0tx7/ugameliquidator_completed_sale_thread/
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https://i.redd.it/pxaqy3r7qp221.png
The newly re-denominated Venezuelan fiat currency, the Sovereign Bolivar (VES), is supposed to be backed by the Petro, which is the official cryptocurrency of Venezuela. The government of Venezuela began the public sale of the Petro on 29 October 2018, and it has been over a month since then, but based on the accelerating hyperinflation it appears nothing at all is backing the VES. In-fact, there is no firm evidence that the Petro is an actual cryptocurrency, and is more likely a non-fungible paper certificate, as will be explained in the rest of this article.
The Cafe Con Leche Index, which measures Venezuelan inflation by buying the same cup of coffee at the same Venezuelan cafe at regular intervals, witnessed 100% inflation during the week of 28 November through 5 December. This is the most rapid inflation rate in Venezuela to date, and is an omen of an imminent currency collapse. The annual inflation rate that has been directly recorded by the Cafe Con Leche Index is 285,614%. This averages in the rest of the year which had a slower inflation rate. If 100% inflation per week continues, with no acceleration of the inflation rate, the cup of coffee will cost 400X(2^52) VES in one year, which equals VES 1,800,000,000,000,000,000. Clearly, a re-denomination cannot save the Bolivar this time around, and the Bolivar will soon cease to exist.
If the Petro actually was a real cryptocurrency, it would be a great mechanism to ensure that Venezuela continues to have a native currency even in the event the VES becomes unsalvageable. However, there is a litany of evidence which suggests the Petro is an ICO that never launched its coin. The Petro block explorer has no blocks and no transactions, only a block counter at the bottom which shows 3,707 blocks having been mined in about 5 weeks. The Petro white paper says the Petro is supposed to have 1 minute block times like Dash, and the block explorer is showing ~15 minute block times on average.There is a page to download the Petro wallet where it says click the image to download, but it displays the message “This wallet will be available soon for your operative system.” Since people cannot download the wallet and run a node, even from the official government website for the Petro, it seems unlikely there are any Petro nodes in the world.
The Petro white paper details how the Petro is backed by 50% oil, 20% gold, 20% iron, and 10% diamonds, and this is why the plan was to use the Petro to back the VES. However, there is no information available on the complex and secure infrastructure that would be needed to actually back the Petro with these mineral assets, and a deep dive study by Reuters found that the oil backing the Petro is simply the estimated reserves in an area with no oil infrastructure.
Another piece of damning evidence is that when the Petro public sale began, it was apparent that people were receiving paper certificates and not cryptocurrency. Further, President Maduro has declared that anyone who buys the Petro after 2018 ends cannot exchange the Petro for any fiat currency or cryptocurrency. This simply would not be possible if the Petro truly was an X11 cryptocurrency like the white paper indicates, since users would be able to exchange the Petro regardless of a government decree. The only way for the Venezuelan government to ban the trading of Petro purchased after the end of 2018 is if the Petro is a non-fungible paper certificate. This theory is further supported by the fact that President Maduro is setting the price for the Petro, indicating there is no free market exchange of the Petro.
All evidence points to the reality that the Petro is a non-fungible paper certificate, and is as easy to print as any other fiat currency, and has no attributes of a cryptocurrency. The Venezuelan government is accepting all sorts of fiat currencies, as well as Bitcoin and Litecoin, in exchange for the Petro, despite all of the evidence that the Petro is not a cryptocurrency like it is supposed to be. Effectively, this may be an ICO scam on a national level, occurring right as the native fiat currency of Venezuela nears the day when it will totally cease to be worth anything. The total collapse of the Bolivar will perhaps precipitate the collapse of the Venezuelan government, since they will no longer be able to fund their activities via money printing, and perhaps eventually it will be clear that the Petro is a last ditch attempt by the Maduro regime to earn a warchest of cash and cryptocurrency for the struggle that is inevitably coming.
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Aion Founder Matt Spoke completed an AMA on Thurs. December 6th, 2018 on WeChat to a Chinese investor community of over 2,000 members managed by Unitimes, a FinTech media platform. Below is the transcript of the interview.
Unitimes is a global media platform in Fintech and Blockchain industry, covering News, Knowledge and Events with objectivity. https://unitimes.media
Questions were posed by host Unitimes' Xiaqing Liu.
1. AION is called the third blockchain generation. How third generation evolved from first and second generation such as Bitcoin and Ethererum?
The first generation of blockchain networks was ushered in by Bitcoin. Blockchains focused on a single use-case and optimizing their network design for that functionality. In the case of Bitcoin, the use case was a censorship-resistant form of digital cash. The network was designed elegantly for with function with UTXO and high availability.
The second generation of blockchain networks was ushered in with Ethereum. Enabling applications to be built in the form of smart contractions and execute on a turing-complete state machine.
The third generation is focused on two core principles, 1) the scaling of these networks to provide the required performance by mainstream applications 2) enabling the communication of value and arbitrary data across these public networks.
Aion称作为第三代区块链，他是如何从第一代（比特币）和第二代（以太坊）区块链进化来的呢？
第一代区块链网络是由比特币开创的。区块链侧重于单一使用实例并且针对他的这个功能进行优化。以比特币为例，它是一个抵抗审核制度的电子货币。精妙的设计使网络拥有UTXO功能和高实用性。
第二代区块链网络则是由以太坊开创的，它实现了在图灵完整装机上运行由智能合约组成的应用。
第三代区块链侧重于两个主旨：1）可括性来提供主流应用所需的性能。2）实现让价值和任意数据可以在这些公共网络上跨越沟通。
2. Can you discuss Aion's implementations or approach to interoperability?
At the beginning of September, we launched the first implementation of our bridging protocol, named the "Token Transfer Bridge". This is a one directional bridge facilitated by a cluster of nodes and signatories running both Ethereum and Aion nodes. It was designed for the purpose of migrating our supply of ERC-20 tokens from Ethereum to native Coins on the Aion blockchain in an atomic method, in the hands of the user.
The second implementation of the bridge is being built by one of our ecosystem partners - Mavennet. They are building a bi-directional bridge between Ethereum and Aion, providing the ability to move tokens across chains. This implementation will be going into production early next year with a group of operators and projects.
可以请你讨论一下Aion是如何接近实现互操作性的吗？
在九月初，我们发布了第一个桥接协议——代币传输桥接器。这是一个由一群既支持以太又支持Aion的节点和签署来运行的单向桥接器。他的设计初衷是通过用户自己来将在Ethereum上的Aion ERC-20 代币自动的转移到Aion区块链的Aion代币。
第二个桥接器正由我们的合作伙伴Mavennet构建中。他们在搭建一个Ethereum和Aion双向的桥截器从而使得代币可以跨链移动。在明年初，这个桥接器会在一些运营商和项目中投入使用。
3. How does AION differentiate itself from other cross-chain protocols/projects? Or what kind of obstacles do you deal with apart from cross-chain interoperability?
Aion和别的跨链协议/项目有什么不同呢？或者说除了跨链互操作性之外，还遇到过什么障碍呢？
搭建可扩性跨链的一大瓶颈是如何让已经采纳的觉大多数已在POW底链提供概率性的“度额定性”。这个问题也在我们的代币传输桥接器使用中被发现。桥接器必须要等待大约15分钟来确认EThereum交易。如果在将来，我们预想会有成千的跨链交易，“确定性”必须被证实从而来建立一个可扩并且安全的跨链沟通机制。这也是我们现在正在着重研究如何可以有一个几近瞬时”确定性“的共识机制。
One of the biggest bottlenecks to building scalable cross-chain solutions is the probabilistic finality model that exists for the majority of adopted proof-of-work based chains. This bottleneck was evident with those who used our token transfer bridge. The bridge has to wait for ~15 minutes before confirming the Ethereum transactions. If in the future we are envisioning thousands of transactions occurring cross-chain, finality must be addressed in order to build a scalable and secure cross-chain communication mechanism. This is why we are focusing heavily on research toward consensus models that have near instant finality properties.
4. How are you addressing the major obstacles to mainstream dApp adoption?
你觉得什么会阻碍主流dApp的采用？
在Aion，我们建立了一个广泛的架构来定义主流应用要在区中心化网络的要求，而这些主要可以被分为三类：安全性，可扩性和可用性。我们通过持续的研究和现有的web 3 和web 2.0开发者的不断反馈来改善了以上三个他们成功与否的关键需求。然后利用Aion的不断扩大，拓宽我们合作的生态圈，拔款和投资帮助我们解决这些需求的开发者，项目和贡献者。归根结底我们的最终工作目标就是减少主流应用开发者的阻碍。
At the Foundation we've built a comprehensive framework for identifying the requirements for mainstream applications to build on top of a decentralized network. At a high-level, these break down into three categories: Security, Scalability, and Usability. Through continuous research and feedback loops with current web 3 developers and web 2.0 developers, we refine these requirements and their success criteria. Then leveraging the growing Aion and broader Web 3 ecosystem we partner, grant and invest in people, projects and contributors that solve these requirements.
Ultimately our job is to reduce the barrier to entry for mainstream application developers.
5. What use cases does AION enable? Can you name a few?
有哪些Aion实现的使用实例呢？可以列举一些吗？
目前为止，在各种行业领域（比如游戏）都有现有应用对于利用去中性化的的一些特质，比如激励进制或者数据所有权表达了兴趣并且进行了开发。他们在Aion上开发的理由有：Aion提供了一个可扩的基础架构来满足他们对与用户群的需求；Aion也提供大量的文件资料和教程来帮助开发者们在Aion平台上创造应用。
Right now we've seen significant interest and development from existing applications in various industries like gaming or mobility that are looking to leverage certain properties of decentralization - whether that be incentives or data ownership. They are building on Aion as it provides a scalable infrastructure that can meet their user base requirements and it approachable to their developers to start building through comprehensive docs and tutorials. We have a proven track record of executing against our initiatives and when organizations are choosing where to build their future application they want to have that confidence.
6. What is AION's consensus mechanism?
Aion的共识机制是什么？
目前发表的Aion Kilimanjaro 使用的是工作量证明共识机制。我们在Equihash的基础上更改了一些参数设置，从而完成了我们的Equihash_210_9来增加ASIC阻力并且使有效的参数组多元化。至于我们的共识机制的将来计划，我们的研究小组现在正在评估各种公式算法和实现，并且在拟写一个侧重于“确认性”，反垄断和可达性的共识提案。
The current Kilimanjaro release of the Aion blockchain utilizes PoW consensus. We've implemented a set of novel Equihash parameters - Equihash2109 for increased ASIC-resistance and to diversify the active parameter set. In terms of our consensus roadmap, our research team is currently evaluating the various consensus algorithms and implementations and developing a proposal focused on finality, collusion-resistance, and accessibility.
7. I learned that you were planning on basing your new Aion Virtual Machine on the JVM. Why did you go into that direction?
我听说Aion新的虚拟机是基于Java虚拟机的，为什么选择了这个方向呢？
我们总结分析了一下开发者想要在区块链上，或者说是在EVM上搭建应用会遇到的挑战和阻碍主要有以下三点：1）新的且不成熟的合约开发语言。2）开发流程各阶段上缺少产品开发层面的开发工具。3）低计算复杂性和运行性能。
当我们纵观现有的虚拟机生态圈，与其建立一个新的运行环境来解决这些阻碍，我们认为Java虚拟机是最被采用，健康，有外置工具的生态系统。基于Java虚拟机建立的Aion虚拟机能够立即和围绕Java开发的100多个很好的工具互相整合，同时Java是一个很好的合约开发语并且Java虚拟机的性能也已经被证明了。再过去的六个月里我们都在努力的完成Aion虚拟机，在昨天，我们也发布了源代码（Github: https://github.com/aionnetwork/AVM）。 大家也可以阅读一下关于为什么选择基于Java虚拟机来完成Aion虚拟机的博文，（Why JVM: https://blog.aion.network/aion-virtual-machine-avm-why-java-and-the-jvm-240b78ad8a77）
When we looked at the challenges facing developers building on applications on blockchain networks or the EVM specifically, it came down to 3 major obstacles: 1) New and immature contract development language 2) Lack of production-grade developing tooling across the delivery workflow and 3) Low and execution performance.
Instead of building a new execution environment to overcome these obstacles we looked at the existing VM ecosystem and the JVM is clearly the most well adopted, robust and built-out tooling ecosystem. By building the AVM on the JVM we are able to integrate immediately into the 100's of amazing tools building around the Java development ecosystem, leverage Java - the top programming language for contract development, and utilize the proven performance of the JVM. We've been working hard over the past 6 months on the AVM and as of yesterday, the source code was released.
Why JVM: https://blog.aion.network/aion-virtual-machine-avm-why-java-and-the-jvm-240b78ad8a77
Github: https://github.com/aionnetwork/AVM;
8. People tend to compare blockchain today with firstborn Internet era. What's the main difference between the two in your opinion?
我们常常会将现在的区块链和最初的互联网时代进行比较，你觉得这两者间的主要区别是什么呢?
我认为从市场角度来说，最大的区别是在早起互联网发展阶段，科技公司的发展都相对来说比较采用秘密行动，大众也不知道他们的价值是多少。投资人或员工都要等到多年后公司正式对外开放了之后才知道公司价值。而区块链公司来说，组织建立的公共网络立马会有一个完全可互换的资产，却这个价值一周几天每天24小时都在实时变换。虽然在发展阶段有很多平行的地方，但是我们是在一个实时的信息，见解，评估的环境，外加社区这些方面是很不同的。
I think the biggest difference from a market perspective is that when the internet was in its early development, the small tech companies that were building were relatively in stealth, their activates weren't public that no one knows what their value was. Investors or employees wouldn't know the value of their companies until years later when they went public. With blockchain companies, the organizations building these public networks immediately have fully-fungible assets, whose value changes in real-time 24/7. While there are many parallels to the stage of development we are in - the real-time information, insights, valuations, and communities surrounding these early pioneers is very different.
9. How do you envision web 3 or the decentralized world?
你怎么看待web 3 和去中心化世界？
当我们观察评估一下我们现今是如何和互联网互相影响的话，很明显这是一个破碎的模型。用户常常为了使用便捷的应用，在没有完全理解自己参与的商业模式时就无心的交出了对自己的数据的控制权。通过近期Facebook和其他科技大企业的隐私揭露，我们就能看出这样的商业模块有多么的危险。比如针对错误信息的不道德宣传；增加使用的操纵策略和有最高命令者独裁的审查制度。通过重新制定规章制度是没办法修复这个破碎的模型的，除非重新搭建根本架构。而这个基础架构必须同时牢固数据隐私，不可逆和抵抗审核制度。简单来说就是讲互联网的“货品”，比如说数据，从特定小范围的为盈利的公司转移到用户他们自己身上，在数码世界提供自我主权。我们对于这个未来思考了许多并且发表了“The Rebuild” 来发表实现这个将来的展望。（https://blog.aion.network/rebuild/home;）
When we look out and evaluate how we interact with the internet today, its clear to us that this is a broken model. Users have continuously traded of the control of their data for the convenience of the applications they are using without understanding the business model they have inadvertently consented to. We've seen the dangers of this business model with the recent privacy revelations with Facebook and other big tech players.
This model leads to practices like unethical advertising through misinformation, manipulation tactics for increased usage and censorship of information dictated by the largest bidder.
This broken model cant be fixed by increased regulation or lobbying, it must be solved by a re-architecture of the underlying infrastructure that these applications are built on. And entrenching data privacy, immutability and censorship-resistance into this infrastructure. This effectively moves the "inventory" of the internet, i.e data - from a small set of profit-driven companies to the user itself. Providing self-sovereignty in the digital world. We've been thinking a lot about this future and have kicked off a publication called The Rebuild, where we will be posting prospectives towards achieving this vision. https://blog.aion.network/rebuild/home;
10. I read that the AION tokens are really interesting. They can not only be used to transfer but also can be used to build 'bridges', which acts as the communication protocol between chains. How is it possible?
The different designs for interoperability allow for token bridges to be built using staking mechanisms, to ensure that bridge operators are honest and rewarded
We are still actively researching future designs for more scalable interoperability, because current architectures of bridging are subject to delays from POW consensus delays (non-finality)
11. Hi Matthew. So happy to see you here! I learned from your previous speech that there are three core features of Aion: federate, scale and spoke. I didn't quite understand the "spoke" feature. Can you explain more?
"Spoke" networks refers to independent blockchain networks that leverage the Aion codebase. These spoke networks can then communicate with the Aion mainchain using the bi-directional bridge.
12. What are the responsibilities of "token transfer bridge" that you mentioned?
The token transfer bridges are built with a group called "Operators" and a group called "Signatories". The operators need to transmit transactions across the chain, but only after they've been approved and validated by the signatories
13. What's your rewarding system for people who participate in your network?
The current reward system in place for participants in the network is the mining reward. Our monetary policy has a 1% annual inflation schedule which is used to reward miners.
14. If the transfer bridge is bi-directional, is the process fully decentralized? Is it possible that once I transfer my assets to AION, I won't be able to transfer them back to Ethereum?
The bridge design is decentralized in that it requires a group to act as signatories for transactions confirmations. The contracts on either side of the bridge (Aion and Ethereum) that you're interacting with would dictate how the token supplies interact with each other
15. what is the difference between AION and WBTC?
WBTC is a wrapping mechanism to represent BTC in a smart contract token. That design could be facilitated on top of Aion, and could even be migrated through Aion bridges. WBTC is a smart contract that could function on any smart contract network (in theory)
16. If there are roles like notary, how to make sure that they do not make malicious moves? For example, will they work together to transfer the tokens on Ethereum to elsewhere?
In the current design, the "notaries" (or "signatories") are an independent group that needs to sign valid transactions. Although collusion is theoretically possible, research is being done around staking and "punishment" to keep these actors honest. In the current design, the bridge is only between Ethereum and Aion, but could also run on any other EVM-based chain
When we look to implement economic incentives/penalties into bridge designs, the goal is to incentivize honest behavior and punish malicious acts. Ultimately the goal is for Signatory participants to recognize malicious behavior and hold each other accountable.
Current implementations are more "reputation-based", similar to a POA type model
17. In case people did not see yesterday, we are the first public blockchain project to publish a financial report: https://blog.aion.network/the-aion-foundation-report-e369169f098
18. I assume the "bridge" is locked in Ethereum first then generated in AION? So how do you make sure that the tokens on Ethereum won't be transferred maliciously?
The bridge can be initiated on either side, and can control the token supply based on the contract logic. Nothing restricts a contract author from writing a bad contract, but the bridge interacts with its logic as intended.
Before transfers are accepted, the bridge operators need to wait a predefined number of blocks to be confident on finality. This is one of the current performance bottlenecks that we are working to solve through our consensus research team.
A simple example is that our Aion ERC20 bridge was designed to wait for 64 blocks on Ethereum before accepting the transfer
19. Current implementations are more "reputation-based", similar to a POA type model"
Does it mean that your cross-chain solution needs to trust notaries and signatories? Your solution is not a decentralized solution because you used POA, although you claim that you are a decentralized solution.
The big tradeoffs with any design of decentralization is an impact on performance. Users can choose which type of bridge they trust, and until we solve consensus finality issues, full decentralization without significant inefficiency is near impossible.
In our token swap, we compared to most other projects who did a 100% centralized swap, and opted to move down the spectrum to a more "trustless design"
We're still not satisfied with the current architecture, but are restricted based on performance bottlenecks. Our research is targetted at this problem.
Thanks!
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