Monday, May 25, 2020

Bitcoin (BTC) Down $8.46 On 4 Hour Chart; Started Today Up 2.1% (current BTC/USD price is $8,911.56)

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Bitcoin (BTC) Down $8.46 On 4 Hour Chart; Started Today Up 2.1%

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The latest Bitcoin news has been sourced from the CoinSalad.com Bitcoin Price and News Events page. CoinSalad is a web service that provides real-time Bitcoin market info, charts, data and tools.


[Daily Discussion] Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Thread topics include, but are not limited to:

  • General discussion related to the day's events
  • Technical analysis, trading ideas & strategies
  • Quick questions that do not warrant a separate post

Thread guidelines:

  • Be excellent to each other.
  • Do not make posts outside of the daily thread for the topics mentioned above.

Other ways to interact:


[Altcoin Discussion] Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Thread topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Discussion related to recent events
  • Technical analysis, trading ideas & strategies
  • General questions about altcoins

Thread guidelines:

  • Be excellent to each other.
  • All regular rules for this subreddit apply, except for number 2. This, and only this, thread is exempt from the requirement that all discussion must relate to bitcoin trading.
  • This is for high quality discussion of altcoins. All shilling or obvious pumping/dumping behavior will result in an immediate one day ban. This is your only warning.
  • No discussion about specific ICOs. Established coins only.

If you're not sure what kind of discussion belongs in this thread, here are some example posts. News, TA, and sentiment analysis are great, too.

Other ways to interact:


Bitcoin halving event July 9 2016 compared to halving event in 2020. It’s doing the exact same thing. The high of $20,000 was reached like 500 days after the halving event in 2016

https://i.redd.it/libfadf301151.jpg

Bitcoin halving event July 9 2016 compared to halving event in 2020. It’s doing the exact same thing. The high of $20,000 was reached like 500 days after the halving event in 2016 (x-post from /r/Bitcoin)

https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/gqp484/bitcoin_halving_event_july_9_2016_compared_to/

A New Bitcoin And Crypto Spring Is Coming (current BTC/USD price is $8,879.45)

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A New Bitcoin And Crypto Spring Is Coming

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Bitcoin Mining | Blockchain


The latest Bitcoin news has been sourced from the CoinSalad.com Bitcoin Price and News Events page. CoinSalad is a web service that provides real-time Bitcoin market info, charts, data and tools.


I got hacked when i was playing aardwolf on mush client.

I just got hacked when i was afk in aardwolf. I just started the game i was in academy i stopped playing and was looking tintin++ guides on my phone than some setup thing showed up on screen i checked and see some programs on my desktop and the hacking was happening while i was looking at my screen. The last thing i saw was some bitcoin things. Then i closed the pc forcefully. When i tried to turn on pc it didn t open like normal but i think it was because of i forcefully closed it. So am i being mined or someone trying to steal bitcoin from me(which i don t even know how it works)

Iam bad at english i learned it through games and i write what comes good to my ears so sorry for that.



I got hacked using aardwolf

I just got hacked when i was afk in aardwolf. I just started the game i was in academy i stopped playing and was looking tintin++ guides on my phone than some setup thing showed up on screen i checked and see some programs on my desktop and the hacking was happening while i was looking at my screen. The last thing i saw was some bitcoin things. Then i closed the pc forcefully. When i tried to turn on pc it didn t open like normal but i think it was because of i forcefully closed it. So am i being mined or someone trying to steal bitcoin from me(which i don t even know how it works)

Iam bad at english i learned it through games and i write what comes good to my ears sorry for that.



[Request][Steam] Guys I really need a nintendo switch

(read beforehand)[If you are not interested in that I'd love to get Division 2]

hi guys to keep it short I want to buy a nintendo switch and play some animal crossing

My luck the price for it is off the charts

I would like you kind people to give me a hand and donate some bitcoin because I can't receive other financial support in Iran

please consider this I beg you I will forever be in your debt.

You see I always had this jealousy of how everyone can buy what they like soon or later, but if I want to buy something for myself it takes at least 5 years to persuade my parents, that's how I got my laptop for my university, but I can't help the sensation of playing a relaxed game such as animal crossing to soothe my mind from these tough times.

please guys I'm in desperate need of your help and If you question anything let me know I will thoroughly answer you with PURE HONESTY. I don't know what else to say. thanks I truly appreciate any support <3

I need this amount of bitcoin: 0.05

You might say aren't you a scum who just wants money?

You maybe right, but If you don't live in Iran and have a minimum to medium wage family, You can't have sympathy for me, It's sooooo despair filled. Like you have nothing to lose in this place, everyone hates each other and try to trick one another the other way. there are so many dark things happening around here and nobody cares. I don't want to make this political but we are under extreme sanctions. some of you did experience the feeling of being limited and presented as a total trash to the entire world. how government acts is not what people think is right and we are being punished for the thing we did not even participate in! long story short all these events make the price of stuff EXTREMELY high and I just want to play animal crossing and I will make sure to thank EVERY-SINGLE-DONOR. If you doubt A SINGLE THING let me know

Here is some personal Information:

I'm Mahan-17-male- how my mother says I'm extremely talented in learning foreign language-a gamer that doesn't get what he wants (always)

if I sell it I'll have THE EXACT amount needed for buying a nintendo switch

donation <3<3<3https://blockchain.info/address/1HsC9EbzivYLQ7vyzVnjTY1PKiEQ9YsP4r

https://steamcommunity.com/profiles/76561198965889132/


[uncensored-r/Bitcoin] binance_support_number_18335630549_binance

The following post by watchfreeporn007 is being replicated because the post has been silently removed.

The original post can be found(in censored form) at this link:

np.reddit.com/r/ Bitcoin/comments/gqa9q6

The original post's content was as follows:


Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Wallet Support Phone Number charging mail has been propelled for satisfying necessity of checking the sends through any gadget. It has made simple for the clients to get to the record from even a straightforward PC. With this mail account you can essentially "Sign-In" in your record by putting the email address and the secret word. When you "Sign In" you can check the movement of your mail account. You can create, read the approaching mail and furthermore download the enormous record connections.

Dominant part of individuals has been enrolled with Binance premium email account since it is totally not quite the same as other mail accounts with number of ideal characteristics accessible in it. It is as of now considered as one of the main webmail application that has the striking notoriety among the clients and it's viable Binance email client service is consistently accessible for those clients who for the most part face issues while dealing with accounts. To refresh them the client carenical group goes to meetings which over various parts require for the compelling help.

Why Contact Binance every minute of every day Support Number:{ Being a piece of Yahoo and AT&T administrations it offers a simple taking care of mailing choice however there are likewise numerous client carenical glitches happens with clients that you may look too. For these issues you can contact client carenical backing to find support and you can discover a lot of them in the web. Client carenical support is accessible 24x7 with the goal that you can reach them as indicated by your accommodation.

Binance endeavor Email Account Troubleshooting sources:Binance secret phrase not workingNew account join assistanceControlling spam, garbage and phishing mailsConfigure mail account intovariousmailingservicesanddIssues in sending/getting mail

We should have some conversation on the Binance premium mail issues comprehended by the group of Binance online telephone support-

Setting the Binance account on Android

From your "Application" menu select the symbol of Email

Enter the name and secret word and now "Manual arrangement" ought to be chosen

"POP3"should be chosen now

Straightforwardly you would get to the "Approaching server settings"

The email address ought to be finished with u/Binance.net

Do the adjustment in the approaching server box along these lines, that it will show "pop.mail

Tap the alternative for "Next"

Go and now you should tap on "Active server settings"

Proceed to do the determination of "Alter" for active server settings that will show "smtp.mail

"Next" ought to be chosen now

You can access to the page where you would be dole out with "Show/Account names

Messages would come in a couple of moments minutes along these lines, you should pause

On the off chance that the procedure is taking too long to even think about executing, at that point you can contact Binance web support

Change the secret phrase of Binance work area mail account

First you ought to go to the page of Yahoo as you realize that Binance online record has been converged with Yahoo

Tap on the symbol of "Mail" that is at the upper right half of the screen

Do the "Sign In" process with your Binance email address and secret phrase or you can choose the catch by choosing the "Overlook secret phrase"

When your "Sign In" process total "Hurray account data" ought to be chosen

Presently "Oversee secret word and security" ought to be chosen

Presently access to the AT&T online record the executives

When entering the email address and secret key you would get coordinated to the secret phrase reset page

Set your secret phrase and spare the progressions made by you

During this procedure in the event that your web association turns out to be moderate, at that point contact the Binance WiFi client serviceBinance email client care

The blunder that for the most part comes while dealing with the record needs to evacuate whenever stretch along these lines, that none of the bugs can influence the email account further. The client support has been planned and acquainted with give prompt help to the clients. In the event that you are one of the clients who presently confronting the bugs, at that point you can believe the client care group of Binance. The help group is prepared to be your partner.


05-25 12:54 - 'binance_support_number_18335630549_binance' (self.Bitcoin) by /u/watchfreeporn007 removed from /r/Bitcoin within 6-16min

'''

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Support Number (1833-*563-*0549) @ Binance Customer Service Number

Binance Wallet Support Phone Number charging mail has been propelled for satisfying necessity of checking the sends through any gadget. It has made simple for the clients to get to the record from even a straightforward PC. With this mail account you can essentially "Sign-In" in your record by putting the email address and the secret word. When you "Sign In" you can check the movement of your mail account. You can create, read the approaching mail and furthermore download the enormous record connections.

Dominant part of individuals has been enrolled with Binance premium email account since it is totally not quite the same as other mail accounts with number of ideal characteristics accessible in it. It is as of now considered as one of the main webmail application that has the striking notoriety among the clients and it's viable Binance email client service is consistently accessible for those clients who for the most part face issues while dealing with accounts. To refresh them the client carenical group goes to meetings which over various parts require for the compelling help.

Why Contact Binance every minute of every day Support Number:{ Being a piece of Yahoo and AT&T administrations it offers a simple taking care of mailing choice however there are likewise numerous client carenical glitches happens with clients that you may look too. For these issues you can contact client carenical backing to find support and you can discover a lot of them in the web. Client carenical support is accessible 24x7 with the goal that you can reach them as indicated by your accommodation.

Binance endeavor Email Account Troubleshooting [link]1 secret phrase not workingNew account join assistanceControlling spam, garbage and phishing mailsConfigure mail account intovariousmailingservicesanddIssues in sending/getting mail

We should have some conversation on the Binance premium mail issues comprehended by the group of Binance online telephone support-

Setting the Binance account on Android

From your "Application" menu select the symbol of Email

Enter the name and secret word and now "Manual arrangement" ought to be chosen

"POP3"should be chosen now

Straightforwardly you would get to the "Approaching server settings"

The email address ought to be finished with u/Binance.net

Do the adjustment in the approaching server box along these lines, that it will show "pop.mail

Tap the alternative for "Next"

Go and now you should tap on "Active server settings"

Proceed to do the determination of "Alter" for active server settings that will show "smtp.mail

"Next" ought to be chosen now

You can access to the page where you would be dole out with "Show/Account names

Messages would come in a couple of moments minutes along these lines, you should pause

On the off chance that the procedure is taking too long to even think about executing, at that point you can contact Binance web support

Change the secret phrase of Binance work area mail account

First you ought to go to the page of Yahoo as you realize that Binance online record has been converged with Yahoo

Tap on the symbol of "Mail" that is at the upper right half of the screen

Do the "Sign In" process with your Binance email address and secret phrase or you can choose the catch by choosing the "Overlook secret phrase"

When your "Sign In" process total "Hurray account data" ought to be chosen

Presently "Oversee secret word and security" ought to be chosen

Presently access to the AT&T online record the executives

When entering the email address and secret key you would get coordinated to the secret phrase reset page

Set your secret phrase and spare the progressions made by you

During this procedure in the event that your web association turns out to be moderate, at that point contact the Binance WiFi client serviceBinance email client care

The blunder that for the most part comes while dealing with the record needs to evacuate whenever stretch along these lines, that none of the bugs can influence the email account further. The client support has been planned and acquainted with give prompt help to the clients. In the event that you are one of the clients who presently confronting the bugs, at that point you can believe the client care group of Binance. The help group is prepared to be your partner.

'''

binance_support_number_18335630549_binance

Go1dfish undelete link

unreddit undelete link

Author: /u/watchfreeporn007

1: sources:Binance


05-25 12:55 - 'No, it drops 7% then gains 5% on the rebound, with 2% FOMO or FUD to go. No matter how you slice it, it's a good trade...especially when you can convert your other coins into Tezos temporarily when it's a lower taxable ev...' by /u/OtheDreamer removed from /r/Bitcoin within 272-282min

'''

No, it drops 7% then gains 5% on the rebound, with 2% FOMO or FUD to go. No matter how you slice it, it's a good trade...especially when you can convert your other coins into Tezos temporarily when it's a lower taxable event or convert your Tezos out to something else when it has a higher relative trading value.

Best thing to do? Exchange XRP / Ox <-> XTZ, with the weight being on XTZ more in the short-run.

'''

Context Link

Go1dfish undelete link

unreddit undelete link

Author: /u/OtheDreamer


List of Today's and Tomorrow's Upcoming Events

I will be bringing you upcoming events/announcements every day. If you want improvements to this post, please mention /u/houseme in the comments. We will make improvements based on your feedback.

 

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ADD AN EVENT

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NEXT DAY UPCOMING EVENTS


 

General

Bitcoin(BTC) Block Reward Halving May 25, 2020

 

 


List of Today's and Tomorrow's Upcoming Events

I will be bringing you upcoming events/announcements every day. If you want improvements to this post, please mention /u/houseme in the comments. We will make improvements based on your feedback.

 

https://kryptocal.com | /r/kryptocal | Android | iOS | Telegram Interactive Bot (add cryptocalapp_bot) | Telegram Channel @kryptocal

 

ADD AN EVENT

If you like an event to be added, click Submit Event, and we will do the rest.

 

NEXT DAY UPCOMING EVENTS


 

General

Bitcoin(BTC) Block Reward Halving May 25, 2020

 

 


List of Today's and Tomorrow's Upcoming Events

I will be bringing you upcoming events/announcements every day. If you want improvements to this post, please mention /u/houseme in the comments. We will make improvements based on your feedback.

 

https://kryptocal.com | /r/kryptocal | Android | iOS | Telegram Interactive Bot (add cryptocalapp_bot) | Telegram Channel @kryptocal

 

ADD AN EVENT

If you like an event to be added, click Submit Event, and we will do the rest.

 

NEXT DAY UPCOMING EVENTS


 

General

Bitcoin(BTC) Block Reward Halving May 25, 2020

 

 


For Bitcoin miners will Lightning Network be the straw that broke the camels back? (current BTC/USD price is $8,755.05)

Latest Bitcoin News:

For Bitcoin miners will Lightning Network be the straw that broke the camels back?

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Bitcoin Mining | Blockchain


The latest Bitcoin news has been sourced from the CoinSalad.com Bitcoin Price and News Events page. CoinSalad is a web service that provides real-time Bitcoin market info, charts, data and tools.


Coinbase Support Number +𝟷𝟾𝟹𝟹-𝟿𝟸𝟸-𝟷𝟿𝟿𝟼 Team Up to Expand Crypto Cards | Crypto ...

Coinbase Support Number +𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟑-𝟗𝟐𝟐-𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟔

Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 CEO Changpeng "CZ" Zhao really doesn't want to tell you where his firm's headquarters is located.

To kick off ConsenSys' Ethereal Summit on Thursday, Unchained Podcast host Laura Shin held a cozy fireside chat with Zhao who, to mark the occasion, was wearing a personalized football shirt emblazoned with the Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 brand.

Scheduled for 45 minutes, Zhao spent most of it explaining how libra and China's digital yuan were unlikely to be competitors to existing stablecoin providers; how Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996's smart chain wouldn't tread on Ethereum's toes – "that depends on the definition of competing," he said – and how Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 had an incentive to keep its newly acquired CoinMarketCap independent from the exchange.

There were only five minutes left on the clock. Zhao was looking confident; he had just batted away a thorny question about an ongoing lawsuit. It was looking like the home stretch.

Then it hit. Shin asked the one question Zhao really didn't want to have to answer, but many want to know: Where is Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996's headquarters?

This seemingly simple question is actually more complex. Until February, Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 was considered to be based in Malta. That changed when the island European nation announced that, no, Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 is not under its jurisdiction. Since then Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 has not said just where, exactly, it is now headquartered.

Little wonder that when asked Zhao reddened; he stammered. He looked off-camera, possibly to an aide. "Well, I think what this is is the beauty of the blockchain, right, so you don't have to ... like where's the Bitcoin office, because Bitcoin doesn't have an office," he said.

The line trailed off, then inspiration hit. "What kind of horse is a car?" Zhao asked. Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 has loads of offices, he continued, with staff in 50 countries. It was a new type of organization that doesn't need registered bank accounts and postal addresses.

"Wherever I sit, is going to be the Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 office. Wherever I need somebody, is going to be the Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 office," he said.

Zhao may have been hoping the host would move onto something easier. But Shin wasn't finished: "But even to do things like to handle, you know, taxes for your employees, like, I think you need a registered business entity, so like why are you obfuscating it, why not just be open about it like, you know, the headquarters is registered in this place, why not just say that?"

Zhao glanced away again, possibly at the person behind the camera. Their program had less than two minutes remaining. "It's not that we don't want to admit it, it's not that we want to obfuscate it or we want to kind of hide it. We're not hiding, we're in the open," he said.

Shin interjected: "What are you saying that you're already some kind of DAO [decentralized autonomous organization]? I mean what are you saying? Because it's not the old way [having a headquarters], it's actually the current way ... I actually don't know what you are or what you're claiming to be."

Zhao said Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 isn't a traditional company, more a large team of people "that works together for a common goal." He added: "To be honest, if we classified as a DAO, then there's going to be a lot of debate about why we're not a DAO. So I don't want to go there, either."

"I mean nobody would call you guys a DAO," Shin said, likely disappointed that this wasn't the interview where Zhao made his big reveal.

Time was up. For an easy question to close, Shin asked where Zhao was working from during the coronavirus pandemic.

"I'm in Asia," Zhao said. The blank white wall behind him didn't provide any clues about where in Asia he might be. Shin asked if he could say which country – after all, it's the Earth's largest continent.

"I prefer not to disclose that. I think that's my own privacy," he cut in, ending the interview.

It was a provocative way to start the biggest cryptocurrency and blockchain event of the year.

In the opening session of Consensus: Distributed this week, Lawrence Summers was asked by my co-host Naomi Brockwell about protecting people’s privacy once currencies go digital. His answer: “I think the problems we have now with money involve too much privacy.”

President Clinton’s former Treasury secretary, now President Emeritus at Harvard, referenced the 500-euro note, which bore the nickname “The Bin Laden,” to argue the un-traceability of cash empowers wealthy criminals to finance themselves. “Of all the important freedoms,” he continued, “the ability to possess, transfer and do business with multi-million dollar sums of money anonymously seems to me to be one of the least important.” Summers ended the segment by saying that “if I have provoked others, I will have served my purpose.”

You’re reading Money Reimagined, a weekly look at the technological, economic and social events and trends that are redefining our relationship with money and transforming the global financial system. You can subscribe to this and all of CoinDesk’s newsletters here.

That he did. Among the more than 20,000 registered for the weeklong virtual experience was a large contingent of libertarian-minded folks who see state-backed monitoring of their money as an affront to their property rights.

But with due respect to a man who has had prodigious influence on international economic policymaking, it’s not wealthy bitcoiners for whom privacy matters. It matters for all humanity and, most importantly, for the poor.

Now, as the world grapples with how to collect and disseminate public health information in a way that both saves lives and preserves civil liberties, the principle of privacy deserves to be elevated in importance.

Just this week, the U.S. Senate voted to extend the 9/11-era Patriot Act and failed to pass a proposed amendment to prevent the Federal Bureau of Investigation from monitoring our online browsing without a warrant. Meanwhile, our heightened dependence on online social connections during COVID-19 isolation has further empowered a handful of internet platforms that are incorporating troves of our personal data into sophisticated predictive behavior models. This process of hidden control is happening right now, not in some future "Westworld"-like existence.

Digital currencies will only worsen this situation. If they are added to this comprehensive surveillance infrastructure, it could well spell the end of the civil liberties that underpin Western civilization.

Yes, freedom matters

Please don’t read this, Secretary Summers, as some privileged anti-taxation take or a self-interested what’s-mine-is-mine demand that “the government stay away from my money.”

Money is just the instrument here. What matters is whether our transactions, our exchanges of goods and services and the source of our economic and social value, should be monitored and manipulated by government and corporate owners of centralized databases. It’s why critics of China’s digital currency plans rightly worry about a “panopticon” and why, in the wake of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, there was an initial backlash against Facebook launching its libra currency.

Writers such as Shoshana Zuboff and Jared Lanier have passionately argued that our subservience to the hidden algorithms of what I like to call “GoogAzonBook” is diminishing our free will. Resisting that is important, not just to preserve the ideal of “the self” but also to protect the very functioning of society.

Markets, for one, are pointless without free will. In optimizing resource allocation, they presume autonomy among those who make up the market. Free will, which I’ll define as the ability to lawfully transact on my own terms without knowingly or unknowingly acting in someone else’s interests to my detriment, is a bedrock of market democracies. Without a sufficient right to privacy, it disintegrates – and in the digital age, that can happen very rapidly.

Also, as I’ve argued elsewhere, losing privacy undermines the fungibility of money. Each digital dollar should be substitutable for another. If our transactions carry a history and authorities can target specific notes or tokens for seizure because of their past involvement in illicit activity, then some dollars become less valuable than other dollars.

The excluded

But to fully comprehend the harm done by encroachments into financial privacy, look to the world’s poor.

An estimated 1.7 billion adults are denied a bank account because they can’t furnish the information that banks’ anti-money laundering (AML) officers need, either because their government’s identity infrastructure is untrusted or because of the danger to them of furnishing such information to kleptocratic regimes. Unable to let banks monitor them, they’re excluded from the global economy’s dominant payment and savings system – victims of a system that prioritizes surveillance over privacy.

Misplaced priorities also contribute to the “derisking” problem faced by Caribbean and Latin American countries, where investment inflows have slowed and financial costs have risen in the past decade. America’s gatekeeping correspondent banks, fearful of heavy fines like the one imposed on HSBC for its involvement in a money laundering scandal, have raised the bar on the kind of personal information that regional banks must obtain from their local clients.

And where’s the payoff? Despite this surveillance system, the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime estimates that between $800 billion and $2 trillion, or 2%-5% of global gross domestic product, is laundered annually worldwide. The Panama Papers case shows how the rich and powerful easily use lawyers, shell companies, tax havens and transaction obfuscation to get around surveillance. The poor are just excluded from the system.

Caring about privacy

Solutions are coming that wouldn’t require abandoning law enforcement efforts. Self-sovereign identity models and zero-knowledge proofs, for example, grant control over data to the individuals who generate it, allowing them to provide sufficient proof of a clean record without revealing sensitive personal information. But such innovations aren’t getting nearly enough attention.

Few officials inside developed country regulatory agencies seem to acknowledge the cost of cutting off 1.7 billion poor from the financial system. Yet, their actions foster poverty and create fertile conditions for terrorism and drug-running, the very crimes they seek to contain. The reaction to evidence of persistent money laundering is nearly always to make bank secrecy laws even more demanding. Exhibit A: Europe’s new AML 5 directive.

To be sure, in the Consensus discussion that followed the Summers interview, it was pleasing to hear another former U.S. official take a more accommodative view of privacy. Former Commodities and Futures Trading Commission Chairman Christopher Giancarlo said that “getting the privacy balance right” is a “design imperative” for the digital dollar concept he is actively promoting.

But to hold both governments and corporations to account on that design, we need an aware, informed public that recognizes the risks of ceding their civil liberties to governments or to GoogAzonBook.

Let’s talk about this, people.

A missing asterisk

Control for all variables. At the end of the day, the dollar’s standing as the world’s reserve currency ultimately comes down to how much the rest of the world trusts the United States to continue its de facto leadership of the world economy. In the past, that assessment was based on how well the U.S. militarily or otherwise dealt with human- and state-led threats to international commerce such as Soviet expansionism or terrorism. But in the COVID-19 era only one thing matters: how well it is leading the fight against the pandemic.

So if you’ve already seen the charts below and you’re wondering what they’re doing in a newsletter about the battle for the future of money, that’s why. They were inspired by a staged White House lawn photo-op Tuesday, where President Trump was flanked by a huge banner that dealt quite literally with a question of American leadership. It read, “America Leads the World in Testing.” That’s a claim that’s technically correct, but one that surely demands a big red asterisk. When you’re the third-largest country by population – not to mention the richest – having the highest number of tests is not itself much of an achievement. The claim demands a per capita adjustment. Here’s how things look, first in absolute terms, then adjusted for tests per million inhabitants.

Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 has frozen funds linked to Upbit’s prior $50 million data breach after the hackers tried to liquidate a part of the gains. In a recent tweet, Whale Alert warned Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 that a transaction of 137 ETH (about $28,000) had moved from an address linked to the Upbit hacker group to its wallets.

Less than an hour after the transaction was flagged, Changpeng Zhao, the CEO of Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996, announced that the exchange had frozen the funds. He also added that Coinbase support number 1833-922-1996 is getting in touch with Upbit to investigate the transaction. In November 2019, Upbit suffered an attack in which hackers stole 342,000 ETH, accounting for approximately $50 million. The hackers managed to take the funds by transferring the ETH from Upbit’s hot wallet to an anonymous crypto address.


[uncensored-r/BitcoinMarkets] [Daily Discussion] Monday, May 25, 2020

The following post by AutoModerator is being replicated because some comments within the post(but not the post itself) have been silently removed.

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The original post's content was as follows:


Thread topics include, but are not limited to:

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Webinar: Risk Management in Crypto

https://preview.redd.it/mxrcacwruv051.png?width=3600&format=png&auto=webp&s=37e58ac011214164a42c173c319f56ea4b10737f

Join us for Bar on The Block webinar on Thursday, May 28th to learn more about the leading strategies for risk management in crypto!

About this Event

Iconic brings blockchain entrepreneurs, industry experts, and innovators together to discuss the latest market developments and trends, share their expertise about the latest important topics, and explore synergies together!

TOPIC: RISK MANAGEMENT IN CRYPTO

SPEAKER PROFILES

- David Olsson, MD Blockfi

- George Zarya, CEO Bequant

- Anatoly Crachilov, CEO, Nickel Digital Asset Management

- Edd Carlton, Head OTC, Flow Traders B.V.

MODERATOR:

Patrick Lowry, CEO, Iconic Holding

AGENDA:

CET 18:00-18:40 Introduction and Fireside chat

CET 18:40- 19:00 Q&A

Register today and you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar! Don't forget to #BYOB ! Bring Your Own Bitcoin ;)

We’ve created the Iconic BOTB Webinar series to help people stay up-to-date on the latest market trends! We hope you will be able to join us on our webinar sessions and look forward to meeting you at some of our local networking events at a later stage!


Raiz releases Sapphire portfolio with Bitcoin allocation (current BTC/USD price is $8,793.21)

Latest Bitcoin News:

Raiz releases Sapphire portfolio with Bitcoin allocation

Other Related Bitcoin Topics:

Bitcoin Price | Bitcoin Mining | Blockchain


The latest Bitcoin news has been sourced from the CoinSalad.com Bitcoin Price and News Events page. CoinSalad is a web service that provides real-time Bitcoin market info, charts, data and tools.


BitBox02 & KeepKey honest reviews

Hey, Bitcoin community 👋

I've just joined after a small research over the web, and decided to share some of my thoughts about these hardware wallets as individual experience.

KeepKey

The first hardware wallet I've received was the KeepKey, which acquired by the ShapeShift platform. It has some great advantages I liked at first sight:

  1. Using ShapeShift platform web to communicate between the wallet and the outside world. On the platform you could watch your assets with nice graphs, send & receive Bitcoin (and other ERC20 tokens) and trade between assets without commission (as long as you have FOX tokens - more on the ShapeShift subreddit).
  2. The most cheap hardware wallet, can be purchased for only 10$ here
  3. Great customer support! any question I sent them was answered quickly

The KeepKey via the web platform needs to be verified by a PIN (4 to 9 digits) of your choose. I didn't like it has there is no zero ("0") digit, only one to nine.

KeepKey verifies PIN screen

The PIN pattern on the KeepKey large screen (which is great advantage!) changes every time you unlock it, and numbers are not shown over the web (only dots). All actions on the web must be approved by one single button on the device it self and all the details shown very nicely!

Receiving Bitcoin on KeepKey - address and QR shown (and can be scanned)

KeepKey implemented a great privacy feature that each successful transaction changes the wallet's address. On the other, once you got the transaction done you can't see this address anywhere again.

Some of the disadvantages that made me move to the BitBox02, are:

  1. The lack of USB-C adoption. It was a bit frustrating looking for an adapter every time I wanted to connect it to my MacBook, which has USB-C ports only.
  2. Mobility isn't available, as you must use the ShapeShift platform (no native desktop program nor mobile application is available)
  3. Chrome is the only supported browser and the platform can't be used by any other.
  4. Not sure about the build quality. When I first opened the box, the upper half of the device wasn't parallel to the bottom, made me a bit nervous
  5. Not supported bech32!
  6. Lead to KYC

MicroUSB connector and edgy built

Overall, I find the KeepKey a great wallet, decently for this low price and the platform as some nice features. KeepKey has a Chrome extension which will be removed by June of this year, as the Google removes Chrome App Store.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BitBox02 Multi edition

So, after the downsides of the KeepKey I was waiting for my wallet of choice, the BitBox02 which was built by the Shift Cryptosecurity, it is much smaller device but I find it more useful and much easier to use everyday.

The BitBox02 has two types, one for Bitcoin only and one for Bitcoin and some others. Currently not many coins supported, which isn't a great (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and some other ERC20).

Shift Cryptosecurity has some other type of threat model, it has no seal tape on the box to verify it's a legit unboxed wallet, as many manufacturers (including KeepKey) does; they actually vacuuming the box and make it almost impossible to cut it without notice. As for now, they working on new awesome feature called "Tep", a really innovative idea! watch the video, it's really great!

Inside the box there was a USB-C to USB-A adapter (awesome thing to provide!), extended USB-C cable, stickers, microSD card (soon to be explained why, but again, awesome they send it included) and the device it self.

Some of the advantages are:

  1. Native desktop program for MacOS, Windows and Linux
  2. Android application (hope for iOS soon as well), which is great for mobility
  3. Easy to use and guided through every step of the initialisation
  4. MicroSD card used to backup (not encrypted) the keys, another method for users, along with the 24 mnemonic passphrase. It's nice feature to have for those who aren't that technologically.
  5. Secure chip built-in the device

BitBox02 has no buttons, it has a unique gesture touch sensors on it's sides and it used a slide, tap and hold gestures.

Supported low and capital letters along with all 0-9 digits

The device will wipe it self after 10 times of wrong password. Backup of the keys can be done by the microSD card or by the 24 words.

BitBoxApp, receiving address must be verified on the device

Verify on the device by single tap

Same as the KeepKey, the BitBox02 generates a new address each time you made a successful transaction, keeping the privacy in mind and focused. another nice feature to have is that the BitBox02 has U2F ability, which means websites like Google, Facebook, Twitter and else can be 2FA with a physical security key, a great way to secure accounts.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In my opinion, KeepKey is a great wallet but I liked the BitBox02 more, specially because of the mobility and the ease of use on any OS no need to download Chrome, although it's bit more expensive.



ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, INTRODUCTION:

Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting is a field of study and a profession that is dedicated to carrying out tasks like the recording of financial transactions along with storing, sorting, retrieving, summarizing, and presenting the results in various reports and analyses.

Accounting can also be seen as the process of recording financial transactions pertaining to a business. The accounting process includes summarizing, analyzing, and reporting these transactions to oversight agencies, regulators, and tax collection entities. The financial statements used in accounting are a concise summary of financial transactions over an accounting period, summarizing a company's operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms

FURTHER ILLUSTRATION OF ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY

Although accounting has existed in various forms and levels sophistication throughout many human societies, the double-entry accounting system in use today was developed in medieval Europe, particularly in Venice, and is usually attributed to the Italian mathematician and Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli. Today, accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters, accounting firms, and professional bodies. Financial statements are usually audited by accounting firms and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP is set by various standard-setting organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States and the Financial Reporting Council in the United Kingdom. As of 2012, "all major economies" have plans to converge towards or adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system.

To illustrate double-entry accounting, just imagine a business sends an invoice to one of its clients. An accountant using the double-entry method records a debit to accounts receivables, which flows through to the balance sheet, and a credit to sales revenue, which flows through to the income statement.

When the client pays the invoice, the accountant credits accounts receivables and debits cash. Double-entry accounting is also called balancing the books, as all of the accounting entries are balanced against each other. If the entries aren't balanced, the accountant knows there must be a mistake somewhere in the general ledger.

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY PROCEDURES:

Accounting is one of the key functions for almost any business. It may be handled by a bookkeeper or an accountant at a small firm, or by sizable finance departments with dozens of employees at larger companies. The reports generated by various streams of accounting, such as cost accounting and managerial accounting, are invaluable in helping management make informed business decisions.

Regardless of the size of a business, accounting is a necessary function for decision making, cost planning, and measurement of economic performance measurement.

A bookkeeper can handle basic accounting needs, but a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) should be utilized for larger or more advanced accounting tasks.

Two important types of accounting for businesses are managerial accounting and cost accounting. Managerial accounting helps management teams make business decisions, while cost accounting helps business owners decide how much a product should cost.

Professional accountants follow a set of standards known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) when preparing financial statements.

The financial statements that summarize a large company's operations, financial position, and cash flows over a particular period are concise and consolidated reports based on thousands of individual financial transactions. As a result, all accounting designations are the culmination of years of study and rigorous examinations combined with a minimum number of years of practical accounting experience.

While basic accounting functions can be handled by a bookkeeper, advanced accounting is typically handled by qualified accountants who possess designations such as Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Certified Management Accountant (CMA) in the United States. In Canada, the designations are Chartered Accountant (CA), Certified General Accountant (CGA), and Certified Management Accountant (CMA); however, all three will be unified under the designation Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) in the near future.

The Alliance for Responsible Professional Licensing (ARPL) was formed during August 2019 in response to a series of state deregulatory proposals making the requirements to become a CPA more lenient. The ARPL is a coalition of various advanced professional groups including engineers, accountants, and architects.

HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY:

The accounting history is thousands of years old and can be traced to ancient civilizations. The early development of accounting is dated back to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting, and money; there is also evidence of early forms of bookkeeping in ancient Iran, and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information.

Double-entry bookkeeping was pioneered in the Jewish community of the early-medieval Middle East and was further refined in medieval Europe. With the development of joint-stock companies, accounting split into financial accounting and management accounting.

Luca Pacioli is considered “The Father of Accounting and Bookkeeping” due to his contributions to the development of accounting as a profession. An Italian mathematician and friend of Leonardo da Vinci, Pacioli published a book on the double-entry system of bookkeeping sometime between 1470 and 1517.

By 1880, the modern profession of accounting was fully formed and recognized by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. This institute created many of the systems by which accountants practice today. The formation of the Institute occurred in large part due to the Industrial Revolution. Merchants not only needed to track their records but sought to avoid bankruptcy as well.

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTING
Accounting can be divided into several subfields or subject areas which include
Financial accounting
Management accounting
Auditing
Accounting information systems
Tax accounting
Forensic accounting
Cost accounting

Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators, and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information for internal use by management.

Financial accounting

Financial accounting refers to the processes used to generate interim and annual financial statements. The results of all financial transactions that occur during an accounting period are summarized into the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information to external users of the information, such as investors, potential investors, and creditors. It calculates and records business transactions and prepares financial statements for the external users in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP, in turn, arises from the wide agreement between accounting theory and practice, and change over time to meet the needs of decision-makers.

Financial accounting produces past-oriented reports—for example, the financial statements prepared in 2006 reports on performance in 2005—on an annual or quarterly basis, generally about the organization as a whole.

This branch of accounting is also studied as part of the board exams for qualifying as an actuary. These two types of professionals, accountants, and actuaries, have created a culture of being archrivals.

Management accounting

Management accounting uses much of the same data as financial accounting, but it organizes and utilizes information in different ways. Namely, in managerial accounting, an accountant generates monthly or quarterly reports that a business's management team can use to make decisions about how the business operates. Managerial accounting also encompasses many other facets of accounting, including budgeting, forecasting, and various financial analysis tools. Essentially, any information that may be useful to management falls underneath this umbrella. Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information that can help managers in making decisions to fulfill the goals of an organization. In management accounting, internal measures and reports are based on cost-benefit analysis and are not required to follow the generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). In 2014 CIMA created the Global Management Accounting Principles (GMAPs). The result of research from across 20 countries on five continents, the principles aim to guide best practice in the discipline.

Management accounting produces future-oriented reports—for example, the budget for 2006 is prepared in 2005—and the time span of reports varies widely. Such reports may include both financial and nonfinancial information, and may, for example, focus on specific products and departments.

Auditing

Auditing is the verification of assertions made by others regarding a payoff, and in the context of accounting it is the "unbiased examination and evaluation of the financial statements of an organization". The audit is a professional service that is systematic and conventional.

An audit of financial statements aims to express or disclaim an opinion on the financial statements. The auditor expresses an opinion on the fairness with which the financial statements present the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity, in accordance with the generally acceptable accounting principle (GAAP) and "in all material respects". An auditor is also required to identify circumstances in which the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have not been consistently observed.

Accounting information systems

An accounting information system is a part of an organization's information system that focuses on processing accounting data. Many corporations use artificial intelligence-based information systems. The banking and finance industry is using AI as fraud detection. The retail industry is using AI for customer services. AI is also used in the cybersecurity industry. It involves computer hardware and software systems and using statistics and modeling.

Tax accounting

Tax accounting in the United States concentrates on the preparation, analysis, and presentation of tax payments and tax returns. The U.S. tax system requires the use of specialized accounting principles for tax purposes which can differ from the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for financial reporting. U.S. tax law covers four basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and Limited Liability Company. Corporate and personal income are taxed at different rates, both varying according to income levels and including varying marginal rates (taxed on each additional dollar of income) and average rates (set as a percentage of overall income).

Forensic accounting

Forensic accounting is a specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements that result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. "Forensic" means "suitable for use in a court of law," and it is to that standard and potential outcome that forensic accountants generally have to work.

Cost accounting

Just as managerial accounting helps businesses make decisions about management, cost accounting helps businesses make decisions about costing. Essentially, cost accounting considers all of the costs related to producing a product. Analysts, managers, business owners, and accountants use this information to determine what their products should cost. In cost accounting, money is cast as an economic factor in production, whereas in financial accounting, money is considered to be a measure of a company's economic performance.

Conclusion:

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
1. FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION
2. ACCOUNTING AS AN INEVITABLE TOOL FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
3. THE APPLICATION OF COST ACCOUNTING TO MANAGEMENT PLANNING, CONTROL, AND DECISION MAKING
4. THE USE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL TO ENHANCE DECISION MAKING.
5. THE IMPACT OF TRIPLE ENTRY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON FINANCIAL REPORTING
6. AN EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES ON ORGANIZATION DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
7. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM
8. THE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS) ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRM
9. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND ITS APPLICATION TO ORGANISATIONAL, PLANNING, CONTROL AND DECISION MAKING
10. THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA.


ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, INTRODUCTION:

Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting is a field of study and a profession that is dedicated to carrying out tasks like the recording of financial transactions along with storing, sorting, retrieving, summarizing, and presenting the results in various reports and analyses.

Accounting can also be seen as the process of recording financial transactions pertaining to a business. The accounting process includes summarizing, analyzing, and reporting these transactions to oversight agencies, regulators, and tax collection entities. The financial statements used in accounting are a concise summary of financial transactions over an accounting period, summarizing a company's operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms

FURTHER ILLUSTRATION OF ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY

Although accounting has existed in various forms and levels sophistication throughout many human societies, the double-entry accounting system in use today was developed in medieval Europe, particularly in Venice, and is usually attributed to the Italian mathematician and Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli. Today, accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters, accounting firms, and professional bodies. Financial statements are usually audited by accounting firms and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP is set by various standard-setting organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States and the Financial Reporting Council in the United Kingdom. As of 2012, "all major economies" have plans to converge towards or adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system.

To illustrate double-entry accounting, just imagine a business sends an invoice to one of its clients. An accountant using the double-entry method records a debit to accounts receivables, which flows through to the balance sheet, and a credit to sales revenue, which flows through to the income statement.

When the client pays the invoice, the accountant credits accounts receivables and debits cash. Double-entry accounting is also called balancing the books, as all of the accounting entries are balanced against each other. If the entries aren't balanced, the accountant knows there must be a mistake somewhere in the general ledger.

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY PROCEDURES:

Accounting is one of the key functions for almost any business. It may be handled by a bookkeeper or an accountant at a small firm, or by sizable finance departments with dozens of employees at larger companies. The reports generated by various streams of accounting, such as cost accounting and managerial accounting, are invaluable in helping management make informed business decisions.

Regardless of the size of a business, accounting is a necessary function for decision making, cost planning, and measurement of economic performance measurement.

A bookkeeper can handle basic accounting needs, but a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) should be utilized for larger or more advanced accounting tasks.

Two important types of accounting for businesses are managerial accounting and cost accounting. Managerial accounting helps management teams make business decisions, while cost accounting helps business owners decide how much a product should cost.

Professional accountants follow a set of standards known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) when preparing financial statements.

The financial statements that summarize a large company's operations, financial position, and cash flows over a particular period are concise and consolidated reports based on thousands of individual financial transactions. As a result, all accounting designations are the culmination of years of study and rigorous examinations combined with a minimum number of years of practical accounting experience.

While basic accounting functions can be handled by a bookkeeper, advanced accounting is typically handled by qualified accountants who possess designations such as Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Certified Management Accountant (CMA) in the United States. In Canada, the designations are Chartered Accountant (CA), Certified General Accountant (CGA), and Certified Management Accountant (CMA); however, all three will be unified under the designation Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) in the near future.

The Alliance for Responsible Professional Licensing (ARPL) was formed during August 2019 in response to a series of state deregulatory proposals making the requirements to become a CPA more lenient. The ARPL is a coalition of various advanced professional groups including engineers, accountants, and architects.

HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY:

The accounting history is thousands of years old and can be traced to ancient civilizations. The early development of accounting is dated back to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting, and money; there is also evidence of early forms of bookkeeping in ancient Iran, and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information.

Double-entry bookkeeping was pioneered in the Jewish community of the early-medieval Middle East and was further refined in medieval Europe. With the development of joint-stock companies, accounting split into financial accounting and management accounting.

Luca Pacioli is considered “The Father of Accounting and Bookkeeping” due to his contributions to the development of accounting as a profession. An Italian mathematician and friend of Leonardo da Vinci, Pacioli published a book on the double-entry system of bookkeeping sometime between 1470 and 1517.

By 1880, the modern profession of accounting was fully formed and recognized by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. This institute created many of the systems by which accountants practice today. The formation of the Institute occurred in large part due to the Industrial Revolution. Merchants not only needed to track their records but sought to avoid bankruptcy as well.

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTING
Accounting can be divided into several subfields or subject areas which include
Financial accounting
Management accounting
Auditing
Accounting information systems
Tax accounting
Forensic accounting
Cost accounting

Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators, and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information for internal use by management.

Financial accounting

Financial accounting refers to the processes used to generate interim and annual financial statements. The results of all financial transactions that occur during an accounting period are summarized into the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information to external users of the information, such as investors, potential investors, and creditors. It calculates and records business transactions and prepares financial statements for the external users in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP, in turn, arises from the wide agreement between accounting theory and practice, and change over time to meet the needs of decision-makers.

Financial accounting produces past-oriented reports—for example, the financial statements prepared in 2006 reports on performance in 2005—on an annual or quarterly basis, generally about the organization as a whole.

This branch of accounting is also studied as part of the board exams for qualifying as an actuary. These two types of professionals, accountants, and actuaries, have created a culture of being arch rivals.

Management accounting

Management accounting uses much of the same data as financial accounting, but it organizes and utilizes information in different ways. Namely, in managerial accounting, an accountant generates monthly or quarterly reports that a business's management team can use to make decisions about how the business operates. Managerial accounting also encompasses many other facets of accounting, including budgeting, forecasting, and various financial analysis tools. Essentially, any information that may be useful to management falls underneath this umbrella. Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information that can help managers in making decisions to fulfill the goals of an organization. In management accounting, internal measures and reports are based on cost-benefit analysis and are not required to follow the generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). In 2014 CIMA created the Global Management Accounting Principles (GMAPs). The result of research from across 20 countries on five continents, the principles aim to guide best practice in the discipline.

Management accounting produces future-oriented reports—for example, the budget for 2006 is prepared in 2005—and the time span of reports varies widely. Such reports may include both financial and non financial information, and may, for example, focus on specific products and departments.

Auditing

Auditing is the verification of assertions made by others regarding a payoff, and in the context of accounting it is the "unbiased examination and evaluation of the financial statements of an organization". The audit is a professional service that is systematic and conventional.

An audit of financial statements aims to express or disclaim an opinion on the financial statements. The auditor expresses an opinion on the fairness with which the financial statements present the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity, in accordance with the generally acceptable accounting principle (GAAP) and "in all material respects". An auditor is also required to identify circumstances in which the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have not been consistently observed.

Accounting information systems

An accounting information system is a part of an organization's information system that focuses on processing accounting data. Many corporations use artificial intelligence-based information systems. The banking and finance industry is using AI as fraud detection. The retail industry is using AI for customer services. AI is also used in the cyber security industry. It involves computer hardware and software systems and using statistics and modeling.

Tax accounting

Tax accounting in the United States concentrates on the preparation, analysis, and presentation of tax payments and tax returns. The U.S. tax system requires the use of specialized accounting principles for tax purposes which can differ from the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for financial reporting. U.S. tax law covers four basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and Limited Liability Company. Corporate and personal income are taxed at different rates, both varying according to income levels and including varying marginal rates (taxed on each additional dollar of income) and average rates (set as a percentage of overall income).

Forensic accounting

Forensic accounting is a specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements that result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. "Forensic" means "suitable for use in a court of law," and it is to that standard and potential outcome that forensic accountants generally have to work.

Cost accounting

Just as managerial accounting helps businesses make decisions about management, cost accounting helps businesses make decisions about costing. Essentially, cost accounting considers all of the costs related to producing a product. Analysts, managers, business owners, and accountants use this information to determine what their products should cost. In cost accounting, money is cast as an economic factor in production, whereas in financial accounting, money is considered to be a measure of a company's economic performance.

Conclusion:

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
1. FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION
2. ACCOUNTING AS AN INEVITABLE TOOL FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
3. THE APPLICATION OF COST ACCOUNTING TO MANAGEMENT PLANNING, CONTROL, AND DECISION MAKING
4. THE USE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL TO ENHANCE DECISION MAKING.
5. THE IMPACT OF TRIPLE ENTRY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON FINANCIAL REPORTING
6. AN EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES ON ORGANIZATION DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
7. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM
8. THE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS) ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRM
9. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND ITS APPLICATION TO ORGANISATIONAL, PLANNING, CONTROL AND DECISION MAKING
10. THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA.


ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, INTRODUCTION:

Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and nonfinancial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting is a field of study and a profession that is dedicated to carrying out tasks like the recording of financial transactions along with storing, sorting, retrieving, summarizing, and presenting the results in various reports and analyses.

Accounting can also be seen as the process of recording financial transactions pertaining to a business. The accounting process includes summarizing, analyzing, and reporting these transactions to oversight agencies, regulators, and tax collection entities. The financial statements used in accounting are a concise summary of financial transactions over an accounting period, summarizing a company's operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms

FURTHER ILLUSTRATION OF ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY

Although accounting has existed in various forms and levels sophistication throughout many human societies, the double-entry accounting system in use today was developed in medieval Europe, particularly in Venice, and is usually attributed to the Italian mathematician and Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli. Today, accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters, accounting firms, and professional bodies. Financial statements are usually audited by accounting firms and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP is set by various standard-setting organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States and the Financial Reporting Council in the United Kingdom. As of 2012, "all major economies" have plans to converge towards or adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system.

To illustrate double-entry accounting, just imagine a business sends an invoice to one of its clients. An accountant using the double-entry method records a debit to accounts receivables, which flows through to the balance sheet, and a credit to sales revenue, which flows through to the income statement.

When the client pays the invoice, the accountant credits accounts receivables and debits cash. Double-entry accounting is also called balancing the books, as all of the accounting entries are balanced against each other. If the entries aren't balanced, the accountant knows there must be a mistake somewhere in the general ledger.

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY PROCEDURES:

Accounting is one of the key functions for almost any business. It may be handled by a bookkeeper or an accountant at a small firm, or by sizable finance departments with dozens of employees at larger companies. The reports generated by various streams of accounting, such as cost accounting and managerial accounting, are invaluable in helping management make informed business decisions.

Regardless of the size of a business, accounting is a necessary function for decision making, cost planning, and measurement of economic performance measurement.

A bookkeeper can handle basic accounting needs, but a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) should be utilized for larger or more advanced accounting tasks.

Two important types of accounting for businesses are managerial accounting and cost accounting. Managerial accounting helps management teams make business decisions, while cost accounting helps business owners decide how much a product should cost.

Professional accountants follow a set of standards known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) when preparing financial statements.

The financial statements that summarize a large company's operations, financial position, and cash flows over a particular period are concise and consolidated reports based on thousands of individual financial transactions. As a result, all accounting designations are the culmination of years of study and rigorous examinations combined with a minimum number of years of practical accounting experience.

While basic accounting functions can be handled by a bookkeeper, advanced accounting is typically handled by qualified accountants who possess designations such as Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Certified Management Accountant (CMA) in the United States. In Canada, the designations are Chartered Accountant (CA), Certified General Accountant (CGA), and Certified Management Accountant (CMA); however, all three will be unified under the designation Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) in the near future.

The Alliance for Responsible Professional Licensing (ARPL) was formed during August 2019 in response to a series of state deregulatory proposals making the requirements to become a CPA more lenient. The ARPL is a coalition of various advanced professional groups including engineers, accountants, and architects.

HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY:

The accounting history is thousands of years old and can be traced to ancient civilizations. The early development of accounting is dated back to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting, and money; there is also evidence of early forms of bookkeeping in ancient Iran, and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information.

Double-entry bookkeeping was pioneered in the Jewish community of the early-medieval Middle East and was further refined in medieval Europe. With the development of joint-stock companies, accounting split into financial accounting and management accounting.

Luca Pacioli is considered “The Father of Accounting and Bookkeeping” due to his contributions to the development of accounting as a profession. An Italian mathematician and friend of Leonardo da Vinci, Pacioli published a book on the double-entry system of bookkeeping sometime between 1470 and 1517.

By 1880, the modern profession of accounting was fully formed and recognized by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. This institute created many of the systems by which accountants practice today. The formation of the Institute occurred in large part due to the Industrial Revolution. Merchants not only needed to track their records but sought to avoid bankruptcy as well.

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTING
Accounting can be divided into several subfields or subject areas which include
Financial accounting
Management accounting
Auditing
Accounting information systems
Tax accounting
Forensic accounting
Cost accounting

Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators, and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information for internal use by management.

Financial accounting

Financial accounting refers to the processes used to generate interim and annual financial statements. The results of all financial transactions that occur during an accounting period are summarized into the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information to external users of the information, such as investors, potential investors, and creditors. It calculates and records business transactions and prepares financial statements for the external users in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP, in turn, arises from the wide agreement between accounting theory and practice, and change over time to meet the needs of decision-makers.

Financial accounting produces past-oriented reports—for example, the financial statements prepared in 2006 reports on performance in 2005—on an annual or quarterly basis, generally about the organization as a whole.

This branch of accounting is also studied as part of the board exams for qualifying as an actuary. These two types of professionals, accountants, and actuaries, have created a culture of being archrivals.

Management accounting

Management accounting uses much of the same data as financial accounting, but it organizes and utilizes information in different ways. Namely, in managerial accounting, an accountant generates monthly or quarterly reports that a business's management team can use to make decisions about how the business operates. Managerial accounting also encompasses many other facets of accounting, including budgeting, forecasting, and various financial analysis tools. Essentially, any information that may be useful to management falls underneath this umbrella. Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information that can help managers in making decisions to fulfill the goals of an organization. In management accounting, internal measures and reports are based on cost-benefit analysis and are not required to follow the generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). In 2014 CIMA created the Global Management Accounting Principles (GMAPs). The result of research from across 20 countries on five continents, the principles aim to guide best practice in the discipline.

Management accounting produces future-oriented reports—for example, the budget for 2006 is prepared in 2005—and the time span of reports varies widely. Such reports may include both financial and nonfinancial information, and may, for example, focus on specific products and departments.

Auditing

Auditing is the verification of assertions made by others regarding a payoff, and in the context of accounting it is the "unbiased examination and evaluation of the financial statements of an organization". The audit is a professional service that is systematic and conventional.

An audit of financial statements aims to express or disclaim an opinion on the financial statements. The auditor expresses an opinion on the fairness with which the financial statements present the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity, in accordance with the generally acceptable accounting principle (GAAP) and "in all material respects". An auditor is also required to identify circumstances in which the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have not been consistently observed.

Accounting information systems

An accounting information system is a part of an organization's information system that focuses on processing accounting data. Many corporations use artificial intelligence-based information systems. The banking and finance industry is using AI as fraud detection. The retail industry is using AI for customer services. AI is also used in the cybersecurity industry. It involves computer hardware and software systems and using statistics and modeling.

Tax accounting

Tax accounting in the United States concentrates on the preparation, analysis, and presentation of tax payments and tax returns. The U.S. tax system requires the use of specialized accounting principles for tax purposes which can differ from the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for financial reporting. U.S. tax law covers four basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and Limited Liability Company. Corporate and personal income are taxed at different rates, both varying according to income levels and including varying marginal rates (taxed on each additional dollar of income) and average rates (set as a percentage of overall income).

Forensic accounting

Forensic accounting is a specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements that result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. "Forensic" means "suitable for use in a court of law," and it is to that standard and potential outcome that forensic accountants generally have to work.

Cost accounting

Just as managerial accounting helps businesses make decisions about management, cost accounting helps businesses make decisions about costing. Essentially, cost accounting considers all of the costs related to producing a product. Analysts, managers, business owners, and accountants use this information to determine what their products should cost. In cost accounting, money is cast as an economic factor in production, whereas in financial accounting, money is considered to be a measure of a company's economic performance.

Conclusion:

ACCOUNTING AS A FIELD OF STUDY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS, AND FREE ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS
1. FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION
2. ACCOUNTING AS AN INEVITABLE TOOL FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
3. THE APPLICATION OF COST ACCOUNTING TO MANAGEMENT PLANNING, CONTROL, AND DECISION MAKING
4. THE USE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL TO ENHANCE DECISION MAKING.
5. THE IMPACT OF TRIPLE ENTRY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON FINANCIAL REPORTING
6. AN EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES ON ORGANIZATION DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
7. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM
8. THE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS) ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRM
9. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND ITS APPLICATION TO ORGANISATIONAL, PLANNING, CONTROL AND DECISION MAKING
10. THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA.