Friday, February 26, 2021

All About Smart Contract In Ethereum Block Chain

What is Block Chain

In simple terms the block on the blockchain is a book, containing transaction records such as an accounting book, the difference is that if the accounting book uses a debit credit system, on this blockchain it is even simpler, it just records source funds - input - (from whom the amount is) and the purpose of the transfer. -output- (to whom how many). This book is then sealed using a cryptographic function and then compiled together with the previous books forming a blockchain and distributed or copied to other places scattered everywhere as evidence as well as backups that can be read by anyone. In the process of writing this book (block), the node (the place that stores these books) before writing it will check whether the data written as the source of the transaction (input) actually exists, the amount is correct, has never been used in other transactions, and the input whether people have the right or not, this mechanism is known as double spending prevention (update: this mechanism applies to the bitcoin blockchain system) The most basic thing about blockchain is a decentralized system, eliminating the existence of third parties as central figures, so as to promote transparency. One of the technologies that take advantage of blockchain is a smart contract.

What is Ethereum?

Ethereum is actually very similar to Bitcoin. Ethereum is a public peer-to-peer network or blockchain with its own digital currency called Ether. Ethereum was created by Vitalik Buterin in 2014 and Ethereum's goal is to become a platform on which  smart contracts  can be created and run.

Simply put, Ethereum's goal is to become the world's computer.

Bitcoin is intended for keeping a list of balances and transactions on its blockchain, while the Ethereum blockchain is designed to store various types of data. This data can be accessed and used by computer programs running on the Ethereum blockchain. These programs are called decentralized applications, or dapps.

Bitcoin is the first generation cryptocurrency and perhaps the most popular today, after bitcoin appeared other cryptocurrencies such as lite coin, ripple, ethereum and many more. Ethereum is one of the cryptocurrencies that supports the concept of smart contracts, in contrast to bitcoin even though both have the form of a smart contract (script), ethereum provides the flexibility to create smart contracts with the same complexity as programs written in a programming language in general (complete turing machine)

Developers all over the world can build and run decentralized applications on the Ethereum blockchain. Its aim is to improve the financial industry, personal information storage, governance with many other uses by using the transparent nature of blockchain.

Where does Ethereum come from?

Ethereum was first mentioned in 2013 in a whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin, the developer who was working on Bitcoin at the time.

Buterin believes that Bitcoin should be made more "adaptable". He believes that Bitcoin should be used further than just a store of wealth and that smart contract features   can be used to automatically determine when payments are made, for example. This project is not meant for Bitcoin, which is why Buterin created Ethereum in 2014 for this purpose.

Ethereum is pioneering what is known as an initial coin offering (ICO), selling to early investors about 60 million Ether tokens while the project was still under development. It is a great journey to develop and continue to promote the Ethereum ecosystem while paying a fee for legality and development.

Since then, Ethereum has grown rapidly. Several other projects have been launched, and development of the Ethereum platform has begun, with varying degrees of success.

What are smart contracts?

A smart contract system can be set up to build decentralized applications that are already on the Ethereum network. The most widely used smart contracts today are based on Ethereum for issuing tokens. The existing tokens continue to grow, not only for the benefit of information technology projects, they are even used for the development of various businesses. Crypto traders and investors currently not only focus on digital currencies, but also invest from their tokens. Blockchain technology will seem foreign to some ordinary people who are still accustomed to traditional systems. New users find it difficult to understand what blockchain means and the concepts it carries. Tokens are inseparable from blockchain-based smart contracts, so their use has become the center of attention for some people.

As mentioned in the previous article, Ethereum's goal is to become a platform on which  smart contracts  can run. Let us explain with a simple example what you might be able to do with Ethereum in the future.

Ethereum's goal is to make your everyday life more efficient and cost-effective by automating the processes you go through every day and removing middlemen from the systems we use; including legal systems, financial systems, computer systems or more.

For example, suppose Lisa has several documents stored on the Ethereum Blockchain: her identity document, her will, and her home certificate. It is assumed that on the day Lisa died, her death certificate was also uploaded to the blockchain.

The process that had to be done to move Lisa's property required a lot of admin work because there were several parties involved; like those from the realm of law, tax, and property.

However, because all of these documents are stored on the Ethereum blockchain, something interesting and different is happening. Once John's death certificate is officially issued and uploaded to the blockchain, John's final will and will can be processed.

Assuming Lisa bequeaths her house to her immediate family, ownership of the house can be transferred to her immediate family automatically by the Ethereum network. Therefore, Lisa's immediate family would inherit Lisa's house exactly as Lisa wanted, without having to contact legal professionals.

This may sound overwhelming and creepy but Lisa has saved a lot of time and resources by not having to wait for Lisa's closest family, legal professionals and property registrar to get in touch with each other to prepare and execute this transaction.

Many interesting projects are under construction at the moment, but there is a lot to pay attention to for the large-scale adoption of Ethereum, so we can all see how Ethereum will develop in the future.

Since when have smart contracts been used to the public? Smart contracts were first created by Nick Szabo, a computer scientist in 1994. That's why one of the units of account on Ethereum is called Szabo. Szabo's value is equivalent to 0.000001 ETH. In a simple way, the smart contract executes itself so that tokens are issued in a short time. A smart contract consists of transactions that are triggered by an event, such as a transaction or if a certain block height has been reached.

Currently there are two types of smart contracts, namely Deterministic and Non-Deterministic. Both are determined by the availability of the conditions necessary to trigger the action in the smart contract. The explanation is as follows:

  1. Deterministic smart contracts  get all the information from the blockchain it operates on. This information can be in the form of a specific transaction, block-high, execution of another contract, or as long as the information can be found on the blockchain. The most common examples of its use are crypto tokens, lotteries, and stock ownership
  2. Non-Deterministic smart contracts   crave information that is external to the blockchain. This means that there is human interference and the luck factor that is impossible for computers to do Information may come from sports results, weather reports, and election results.

Non-deterministic contracts do require users to believe in predictions, a missing link between the blockchain and the real world. Smart contracts will be provided with information about external world events that are incorporated into the decentralized system. This system is usually applied in the prediction market or the betting market. Why should you use a smart contract? The purpose of this contract is to eliminate third party interference. The issuance of a smart contract as a conditional release of funds which is only owned by the fund holder. This token will then be released after all conditions are met.

With smart contracts, when conditions are met, transactions are programmed automatically. This system will eliminate the need, trust, and costs associated with hiring a third party.

smart contracts are  not all about programming code. Because in essence,  smart contracts  are about us, humans, and a sense of trust in other people. What does the code on the  blockchain have  to do with trust? To answer that, let's dive into the question why Szabo initiated this Smart Contract concept? Why does he think that we need a Smart Contract?

Broadly speaking, it can be concluded as follows:

  • Smart contract  is the application of code in a  blockchain  that aims to bind agreements or agreements between several parties.
  • The smart contract  system is  claimed to increase trust thanks to the use of a permanent code that cannot be changed.
  • Although it seems promising, its permanent nature makes  smart contracts  tend to be stiff than real contracts, and the limitations of the programming language for  engineers  are some of its weaknesses.

Many activities in our daily life promote a sense of trust, especially activities that involve transactions using money. For example, to order an item online, we must believe that the seller will not disappear after we send money.

As sellers, we also have to believe if people who pre-order goods from us will actually buy when the goods are finished. One hit and run event can lose the seller's trust in the buyer, and vice versa.

Smart contract is an alternative system designed to solve this problem of trust.

We design various systems so that we can be sure that the people we are going to transact with are people who can be trusted.

  • Various marketplaces display a percentage of successful transactions that are easily visible to potential buyers.
  • The buyer pays an advance when ordering goods or services.
  • In the case of buying and selling property, the developer creates documents with various conditions that must be signed on stamp duty to avoid fraud and loss.

How do I get Ethereum?

There are several ways to get Ether:

Just like normal money, you can get it by providing goods or services, and asking people to pay you in Ether. Paying with Ether is a cheap and easy alternative, and also one of the easiest ways to get you some Ether.

Another way is the way most people generally use: buy Ether from a credible Ether broker, or from and exchange service providers. This method is similar to how you would buy foreign currency at your bank or stocks online. This is the way many people choose because there is a guarantee that you will get Ether on the platform.

You can also get Ether by mining it, but this method is very difficult to do. Most mining is done by large companies with very expensive and highly specialized equipment, so it is very difficult for a single person or an ordinary computer to win the competition. So unless you have a lot of expertise and a lot of money, it is better if you buy or get your Ether through the two methods mentioned earlier.

Is Ethereum being used by criminals?

There are many public misconceptions about the many uses of Ether by criminals, but that thinking is wrong. This thinking is due to the fact that many people think that Ether is anonymous, when in fact Ether is quite the opposite - all Ether transactions are transparent and everyone in the world can see the Ether transaction in progress. People may not be able to link certain individual identities to Ether transactions directly (this is why Ether is sometimes called pseudo anonymous too), but if they find it, then they can see all the transactions you have made on the Ether network. This is why Ether is the wrong way if you are using it for the wrong thing.

Although Ether is probably the safest and not the worst way to use money, that doesn't mean there aren't criminals using it. Just like normal money, there are 'bad guys' who use Ether. But there are two important things to note - first, as more and more data becomes available in the industry, it becomes clear that the number of malicious cases is very, very small. If the Ether ecosystem is like one large mountain, then the size of the evil parts is only a few lumps of rock.

Second, in every financial system, this is an indispensable and only mitigable risk, and Ether has the best system in the world for that.

Ether moves parallel to the internet in the context of the many 'bad things' people have pinned on Ether. Is the internet all good? Certainly not.

Terrorists, money launderers, drug smugglers use Facebook, Twitter and Whatsapp to communicate and coordinate every day. Some people may worry that at least 5-30% of online traffic is related to pornography. We haven't even discussed the dark web, where all the bad things are.

But despite all these issues, is society making any concrete efforts to ban the internet? Not. Not because revoking and banning the internet is difficult, but because it offers more positives than negatives. For the same reason, we should be more careful about our mindset towards Ether, because a lot of evidence has shown that Ether has many positive effects. The Internet and Ether are simply tools that both 'bad guys' and 'good guys' can use. Fortunately, this world was filled with even more people who were in the 'good guys' category.

What is Ethereum mining?

As mentioned earlier, we can view Ethereum as a large global cash system that stores a history of transactions (or 'money movements') from one person to another. When Ethereum transactions are being processed on the Ethereum network - meaning Ethereum is being moved from person to person - one needs to make sure that all transactions are properly recorded and the cash system is synchronized around the world.

In the case of Ethereum, this process is not carried out by individuals or companies, but by thousands of computers around the world connected to the internet. These computers are known as miners or 'miners'. In simple terms, they are 'computers that process transactions'. In order to perform this processing in a safe manner, computers need to perform complex calculations that consume enormous computing effort, so it also requires a lot of energy and sophisticated special tools. Someone - the owner of these computers - needs to pay for the equipment and electricity, so they must be compensated for all the effort and money they spend supporting this network. They are compensated through the newly mined Ethereum.

Another way to understand this is to imagine what would happen if the big banks built the world's largest global transaction processing system: they would spend billions of dollars and then charge users a small transaction fee to cover the costs of building the system.

With Ethereum mining, the costs for this global system are split across thousands of computers, and they cover their costs with the newly mined Ethereum. Long story short, this is the democratization of the financial infrastructure.

What is the Ethereum private key?

Moving Ether is really easy, but behind the scenes, moving and storing Ether is actually done with something called a 'private key'. The easiest way to fully understand this key, is to imagine a traditional post box system:

Imagine if Maria wanted to send a letter to Peter. First of all, she needed to know Peter's address or postal number. Vice versa, if Maria wants to send Ether to Peter, she must know Peter Peter's address, which is the number that specifically indicates that the post box belongs to Peter. This number is called a wallet address, or public key. This number is very long and complicated because of the many Bitcoin post boxes in the world, but luckily you don't need to memorize it, you can see it on the internet.

So now Maria is sending Ether to Peter's mailbox. Let's suppose Peter's postbox number is 2034. Maria can look inside this post box and see Ether in it, even everyone passing by can see the post box 2034 which contains one Ether. This is the interesting part about Ether - where anyone can view all transactions without knowing the identity of the owner. One can see there is one Bitcoin in 2034, but no one, except Maria and Peter, knows that the post box belongs to Peter.

Now let's see how Peter picks up the Ether - he can see it there, so he doesn't have to do anything. But if he wants to move it, he needs to open the box to send it to someone else. To open this post box he needs a key - and this is his unique private key, which is also called the private key. Only Peter can use this private key to open his post box. When he opens it, he can move the Bitcoin and place it in someone else's mailbox. Suppose he buys an online game at Microsoft, he can put Ether into Microsoft's mailbox and if Microsoft sees Peter's Ether they have received, they will send the online game to Peter.

If Maria sends Ether to the wrong post box, she can't get it back. It's the same as cash - if you already paid someone, you can't take it back easily. Nobody can move the Ether, except Peter, who has the keys to the post box. If Peter loses the key? Nobody will be able to access that post box, forever! Peter has to make sure that no one steals the key, because if he did, that person could open Peter's box and steal his Ether. So it's important to keep the key as secure as possible, or to entrust the key to someone who is trusted.

How do I keep Ethereum safe?

Storing your Ethereum securely is extremely important. Unlike other types of money which are controlled by banks, Ethereum gives you many options to store and control your money.

Remember the private key you need to move your Ethereum? The key is the Ethereum storage key. The person who owns the key is Ethereum who controls it. This key can be a key in digital or physical format as written on a piece of paper.

How do I store this key? You can keep it in your trouser pocket, but that is certainly not safe. You can put it in your home safe - which is much safer. But someone could just break into your house and steal it. If you want to use your Ethereum every day, you'll need a digital version on your phone so you can access it easier. The only problem is that if you lose your phone then you lose your keys, so there will be no way to get your Ethereum back.

That's why companies like Luno were founded - not just to make it easier for you to buy, sell and use Ethereum, but to keep it safe. We do this by storing your private key in a vault bank with access like fingerprints and retina scans. Not just one iron vault, but various iron vaults on many continents. And we built this with a system that if someone wants to access it, you need the keys of the various metal vaults and combine them to retrieve Ethereum - just like in the old movies, when nuclear submarines needed three to five 'launch codes' of some generals. before launching a nuclear weapon. This is also known as 'multisig' (multiple signatures required).

This method is a secure way to store Ethereum, but you need to trust the person who stores this key. There are many reputable companies like Luno you can rely on, but many also don't store your Bitcoin very well, or pretend to store and then misuse your Ethereum. Unlike conventional money, you have many options when it comes to storing Ethereum - you can store it yourself, in digital or physical format, or you can trust someone else to look after it for you (or a combination of these options).

The way Ethereum is stored is one of the biggest irony of Ethereum - the world's largest global digital currency designed for use online, mostly stored 'offline' in bank vaults and off the internet. Who knows!

What are the risks of Ethereum?

Ethereum is an exciting technology and it is a new form of money, but this does not mean that Ethereum is free from risks. Keep in mind that there are some of the same rules on Ethereum as traditional money. For example, don't keep your cash under your pillow because it's easy to steal, or don't entrust your money to strangers.

Ethereum also has another unique risk: for one person, Ethereum is a new technology, and while it looks very secure and solid, there is always the possibility of failure. That's also why you should never put 'all your eggs in one basket' and never buy Ethereum with all your possessions. Ethereum is more volatile (the value of Ether can go up and down in a short space or time) than other currencies, and even though the value of Ether is more stable now, Ether is sure to experience many volatile moments in the future.

Remember that Ethereum transactions are like cash in that transactions are irreversible - so if you send Ethereum to the wrong person, or your Ethereum wallet gets hacked and someone steals your Ethereum, it is very difficult and even impossible to retrieve it. Ethereum is also not protected by any entity, so if you lose your Ethereum, the service provider or the 'Ethereum network' cannot compensate for your loss. That's why you should use trusted products and service providers to help you, just like when you chose a bank to keep your money safe.

Ethereum's value is determined by the number of people or businesses that accept Ethereum. If Ethereum grows, it will be very good for Ethereum, but if fewer people use Ethereum it will have a negative impact on the price and usage of Ethereum itself.

In conclusion, Ethereum has enormous potential and is very exciting to change the world, but make sure you understand the risks involved.


Need help regarding taxes

Am a 18 year old living in NJ. I have no job. I sold $42,432.60 worth of BTC that I won on a Bitcoin casino. This is the ONLY taxable event that has occurred since I turned 18 last April. All of the money is now cashed out to my bank. So now I really need help with paying taxes on this. HOW do I calculate? I read that it depends on my tax bracket, however, I have no job. I just won this from a casino and got super lucky from $100. How do I calculate this when I have to file my taxes?

I used coinbase btw to sell.


What Is Bitcoin?

bitcoin

EXPLORE THE GUIDE

BITCOIN BASICS

How Bitcoin Works

BITCOIN MINING

HOW TO STORE BITCOIN

BITCOIN EXCHANGES

BITCOIN ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

BITCOIN VS. OTHER CRYPTOCURRENCIES

BITCOIN VALUE AND PRICE

What Is Bitcoin?

Bitcoin is a digital currency that was created in January 2009. It follows the ideas set out in a whitepaper by the mysterious and pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto.1 The identity of the person or persons who created the technology is still a mystery. Bitcoin offers the promise of lower transaction fees than traditional online payment mechanisms and, unlike government-issued currencies, it is operated by a decentralized authority.

Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency. There are no physical bitcoins, only balances kept on a public ledger that everyone has transparent access to. All bitcoin transactions are verified by a massive amount of computing power. Bitcoins are not issued or backed by any banks or governments, nor are individual bitcoins valuable as a commodity. Despite it not being legal tender, Bitcoin is very popular and has triggered the launch of hundreds of other cryptocurrencies, collectively referred to as altcoins. Bitcoin is commonly abbreviated as "BTC."

  • Launched in 2009, bitcoin is the world's largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization.
  • Unlike fiat currency, bitcoin is created, distributed, traded, and stored with the use of a decentralized ledger system, known as a blockchain.
  • Bitcoin's history as a store of value has been turbulent; the cryptocurrency skyrocketed up to roughly $20,000 per coin in 2017, but less than years later, it was trading for less than half of that.
  • As the earliest virtual currency to meet widespread popularity and success, bitcoin has inspired a host of other cryptocurrencies in its wake.

Understanding Bitcoin

The bitcoin system is a collection of computers (also referred to as "nodes" or "miners") that all run bitcoin's code and store its blockchain. Metaphorically, a blockchain can be thought of as a collection of blocks. In each block is a collection of transactions. Because all the computers running the blockchain has the same list of blocks and transactions, and can transparently see these new blocks being filled with new bitcoin transactions, no one can cheat the system.

Anyone, whether they run a bitcoin "node" or not, can see these transactions occurring live. In order to achieve a nefarious act, a bad actor would need to operate 51% of the computing power that makes up bitcoin. Bitcoin has around 12,000 nodes, as of January 2021, and this number is growing, making such an attack quite unlikely.2

But in the event that an attack was to happen, the bitcoin miners—the people who take part in the bitcoin network with their computer—would likely fork to a new blockchain making the effort the bad actor put forth to achieve the attack a waste.

Balances of bitcoin tokens are kept using public and private "keys," which are long strings of numbers and letters linked through the mathematical encryption algorithm that was used to create them. The public key (comparable to a bank account number) serves as the address which is published to the world and to which others may send bitcoins.

The private key (comparable to an ATM PIN) is meant to be a guarded secret and only used to authorize bitcoin transmissions. Bitcoin keys should not be confused with a bitcoin wallet, which is a physical or digital device that facilitates the trading of bitcoin and allows users to track ownership of coins. The term "wallet" is a bit misleading, as bitcoin's decentralized nature means that it is never stored "in" a wallet, but rather decentrally on a blockchain.

Peer-to-Peer Technology

Bitcoin is one of the first digital currencies to use peer-to-peer technology to facilitate instant payments. The independent individuals and companies who own the governing computing power and participate in the bitcoin network—bitcoin "miners"—are in charge of processing the transactions on the blockchain and are motivated by rewards (the release of new bitcoin) and transaction fees paid in bitcoin.

These miners can be thought of as the decentralized authority enforcing the credibility of the bitcoin network. New bitcoin is released to the miners at a fixed, but periodically declining rate. There are only 21 million bitcoin that can be mined in total. As of January 30, 2021, there are approximately 18,614,806 bitcoin in existence and 2,385,193 bitcoin left to be mined.3

In this way, bitcoin other cryptocurrencies operate differently from fiat currency; in centralized banking systems, currency is released at a rate matching the growth in goods; this system is intended to maintain price stability. A decentralized system, like bitcoin, sets the release rate ahead of time and according to an algorithm.

Bitcoin Mining

Bitcoin mining is the process by which bitcoins are released into circulation. Generally, mining requires the solving of computationally difficult puzzles in order to discover a new block, which is added to the blockchain.

Bitcoin mining adds and verifies transaction records across the network. For adding blocks to the blockchain, miners are rewarded with a few bitcoins; the reward is halved every 210,000 blocks. The block reward was 50 new bitcoins in 2009. On May 11th, 2020, the third halving occurred, bringing the reward for each block discovery down to 6.25 bitcoins.4

A variety of hardware can be used to mine bitcoin. However, some yield higher rewards than others. Certain computer chips, called Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), and more advanced processing units, like Graphic Processing Units (GPUs), can achieve more rewards. These elaborate mining processors are known as "mining rigs."

One bitcoin is divisible to eight decimal places (100 millionths of one bitcoin), and this smallest unit is referred to as a Satoshi.5 If necessary, and if the participating miners accept the change, bitcoin could eventually be made divisible to even more decimal places.

History of Bitcoin

Aug. 18, 2008

The domain name bitcoin.org is registered. Today, at least, this domain is "WhoisGuard Protected," meaning the identity of the person who registered it is not public information.

Oct. 31, 2008

A person or group using the name Satoshi Nakamoto makes an announcement on the Cryptography Mailing list at metzdowd.com: "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party. This now-famous whitepaper published on bitcoin.org, entitled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System," would become the Magna Carta for how Bitcoin operates today.

Jan. 3, 2009

The first Bitcoin block is mined, Block 0. This is also known as the "genesis block" and contains the text: "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks," perhaps as proof that the block was mined on or after that date, and perhaps also as relevant political commentary.6

Jan. 8, 2009

The first version of the bitcoin software is announced on the Cryptography Mailing list.

Jan. 9, 2009

Block 1 is mined, and bitcoin mining commences in earnest.

Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto?

No one knows who invented bitcoin, or at least not conclusively. Satoshi Nakamoto is the name associated with the person or group of people who released the original bitcoin white paper in 2008 and worked on the original bitcoin software that was released in 2009. In the years since that time, many individuals have either claimed to be or have been suggested as the real-life people behind the pseudonym, but as of January 2021, the true identity (or identities) behind Satoshi remains obscured.7

Although it is tempting to believe the media's spin that Satoshi Nakamoto is a solitary, quixotic genius who created Bitcoin out of thin air, such innovations do not typically happen in a vacuum. All major scientific discoveries, no matter how original-seeming, were built on previously existing research.

There are precursors to bitcoin: Adam Back’s Hashcash, invented in 1997,8 and subsequently Wei Dai’s b-money, Nick Szabo’s bit gold, and Hal Finney’s Reusable Proof of Work. The bitcoin whitepaper itself cites Hashcash and b-money, as well as various other works spanning several research fields. Perhaps unsurprisingly, many of the individuals behind the other projects named above have been speculated to have also had a part in creating bitcoin.

There are a few possible motivations for bitcoin's inventor deciding to keep their identity secret. One is privacy: As bitcoin has gained in popularity—becoming something of a worldwide phenomenon—Satoshi Nakamoto would likely garner a lot of attention from the media and from governments.

Another reason could be the potential for bitcoin to cause a major disruption in the current banking and monetary systems. If bitcoin were to gain mass adoption, the system could surpass nations' sovereign fiat currencies. This threat to existing currency could motivate governments to want to take legal action against bitcoin's creator.

The other reason is safety. Looking at 2009 alone, 32,489 blocks were mined; at the reward rate of 50 bitcoin per block, the total payout in 2009 was 1,624,500 bitcoin. One may conclude that only Satoshi and perhaps a few other people were mining through 2009 and that they possess a majority of that stash of bitcoin.

Someone in possession of that much bitcoin could become a target of criminals, especially since bitcoins are less like stocks and more like cash, where the private keys needed to authorize spending could be printed out and literally kept under a mattress. While it's likely the inventor of bitcoin would take precautions to make any extortion-induced transfers traceable, remaining anonymous is a good way for Satoshi to limit exposure.

Special Considerations

Bitcoin as a Form of Payment

Bitcoins can be accepted as a means of payment for products sold or services provided. Brick and mortar stores can display a sign saying “Bitcoin Accepted Here”; the transactions can be handled with the requisite hardware terminal or wallet address through QR codes and touch screen apps. An online business can easily accept bitcoins by adding this payment option to its other online payment options: credit cards, PayPal, etc.

Bitcoin Employment Opportunities

Those who are self-employed can get paid for a job related to bitcoin. There are a number of ways to achieve this, such as creating any internet service and adding your bitcoin wallet address to the site as a form of payment. There are also several websites and job boards that are dedicated to digital currencies:

  • Cryptogrind brings together work seekers and prospective employers through its website
  • Coinality features jobs—freelance, part-time and full-time—that offer payment in bitcoins, as well as other cryptocurrencies like Dogecoin and Litecoin
  • Jobs4Bitcoins, part of reddit.com
  • BitGigs
  • Bitwage offers a way to choose a percentage of your work paycheck to be converted into bitcoin and sent to your bitcoin address

Investing in Bitcoins

There are many bitcoin supporters who believe that digital currency is the future. Many individuals who endorse bitcoin believe that it facilitates a much faster, low-fee payment system for transactions across the globe. Although it is not backed by any government or central bank, bitcoin can be exchanged for traditional currencies; in fact, its exchange rate against the dollar attracts potential investors and traders interested in currency plays. Indeed, one of the primary reasons for the growth of digital currencies like bitcoin is that they can act as an alternative to national fiat money and traditional commodities like gold.

In March 2014, the IRS stated that all virtual currencies, including bitcoins, would be taxed as property rather than currency. Gains or losses from bitcoins held as capital will be realized as capital gains or losses, while bitcoins held as inventory will incur ordinary gains or losses. The sale of bitcoins that you mined or purchased from another party, or the use of bitcoins to pay for goods or services, are examples of transactions that can be taxed.9

Like any other asset, the principle of buying low and selling high applies to bitcoins. The most popular way of amassing the currency is through buying on a bitcoin exchange, but there are many other ways to earn and own bitcoins.

Types of Risks Associated With Bitcoin Investing

Although Bitcoin was not designed as a normal equity investment (no shares have been issued), some speculative investors were drawn to the digital currency after it appreciated rapidly in May 2011 and again in November 2013. Thus, many people purchase bitcoin for its investment value rather than its ability to act as a medium of exchange.

However, the lack of guaranteed value and its digital nature means the purchase and use of bitcoins carries several inherent risks. Many investor alerts have been issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), and other agencies.

The concept of a virtual currency is still novel and, compared to traditional investments, bitcoin doesn't have much of a long-term track record or history of credibility to back it. With their increasing popularity, bitcoins are becoming less experimental every day; still, after only a decade, all digital currencies still remain in a development phase. "It is pretty much the highest-risk, highest-return investment that you can possibly make,” says Barry Silbert, CEO of Digital Currency Group, which builds and invests in Bitcoin and blockchain companies.10

Regulatory Risk

Investing money into bitcoin in any of its many guises is not for the risk-averse. Bitcoins are a rival to government currency and may be used for black market transactions, money laundering, illegal activities, or tax evasion. As a result, governments may seek to regulate, restrict, or ban the use and sale of bitcoins (and some already have). Others are coming up with various rules.

For example, in 2015, the New York State Department of Financial Services finalized regulations that would require companies dealing with the buy, sell, transfer, or storage of bitcoins to record the identity of customers, have a compliance officer, and maintain capital reserves. The transactions worth $10,000 or more will have to be recorded and reported.11

The lack of uniform regulations about bitcoins (and other virtual currency) raises questions over their longevity, liquidity, and universality.

Security Risk

Most individuals who own and use bitcoin have not acquired their tokens through mining operations. Rather, they buy and sell bitcoin and other digital currencies on any of a number of popular online markets, known as bitcoin exchanges.

Bitcoin exchanges are entirely digital and, as with any virtual system, are at risk from hackers, malware, and operational glitches. If a thief gains access to a bitcoin owner's computer hard drive and steals their private encryption key, they could transfer the stolen bitcoin to another account. (Users can prevent this only if bitcoins are stored on a computer that is not connected to the internet, or else by choosing to use a paper wallet—printing out the bitcoin private keys and addresses, and not keeping them on a computer at all.)

Hackers can also target bitcoin exchanges, gaining access to thousands of accounts and digital wallets where bitcoins are stored. One especially notorious hacking incident took place in 2014, when Mt. Gox, a bitcoin exchange in Japan, was forced to close down after millions of dollars worth of bitcoins were stolen.12

This is particularly problematic given that all Bitcoin transactions are permanent and irreversible. It's like dealing with cash: Any transaction carried out with bitcoins can only be reversed if the person who has received them refunds them. There is no third party or a payment processor, as in the case of a debit or credit card—hence, no source of protection or appeal if there is a problem.

Insurance Risk

Some investments are insured through the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Normal bank accounts are insured through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to a certain amount depending on the jurisdiction.

Generally speaking, bitcoin exchanges and bitcoin accounts are not insured by any type of federal or government program. In 2019, prime dealer and trading platform SFOX announced it would be able to provide bitcoin investors with FDIC insurance, but only for the portion of transactions involving cash.13

Fraud Risk

While bitcoin uses private key encryption to verify owners and register transactions, fraudsters and scammers may attempt to sell false bitcoins. For instance, in July 2013, the SEC brought legal action against an operator of a bitcoin-related Ponzi scheme.14 There have also been documented cases of bitcoin price manipulation, another common form of fraud.

Market Risk

Like with any investment, bitcoin values can fluctuate. Indeed, the value of the currency has seen wild swings in price over its short existence. Subject to high volume buying and selling on exchanges, it has a high sensitivity to any newsworthy events. According to the CFPB, the price of bitcoins fell by 61% in a single day in 2013, while the one-day price drop record in 2014 was as big as 80%.15

If fewer people begin to accept bitcoin as a currency, these digital units may lose value and could become worthless. Indeed, there was speculation that the "bitcoin bubble" had burst when the price declined from its all-time high during the cryptocurrency rush in late 2017 and early 2018.

There is already plenty of competition, and although bitcoin has a huge lead over the hundreds of other digital currencies that have sprung up because of its brand recognition and venture capital money, a technological break-through in the form of a better virtual coin is always a threat.

In February of 2021, the price of Bitcoin reached a record at the time of $57,532

Splits in the Cryptocurrency Community

In the years since Bitcoin launched, there have been numerous instances in which disagreements between factions of miners and developers prompted large-scale splits of the cryptocurrency community. In some of these cases, groups of Bitcoin users and miners have changed the protocol of the bitcoin network itself.

This process is known as "forking," and it usually results in the creation of a new type of bitcoin with a new name. This split can be a "hard fork," in which a new coin shares transaction history with bitcoin up until a decisive split point, at which point a new token is created. Examples of cryptocurrencies that have been created as a result of hard forks include bitcoin cash (created in August 2017), bitcoin gold (created in October 2017), and bitcoin SV (created in November 2017).

A "soft fork" is a change to protocol that is still compatible with the previous system rules. For example, bitcoin soft forks have increased the total size of blocks.


How Bitcoin Works

How exactly to categorize Bitcoin is a matter of controversy. Is it a type of currency, a store of value, a payment network or an asset class?

Fortunately, it's easier to define what Bitcoin actually is. It's software. Don't be fooled by stock images of shiny coins emblazoned with modified Thai baht symbols. Bitcoin is a purely digital phenomenon, a set of protocols and processes.

It also is the most successful of hundreds of attempts to create virtual money through the use of cryptography, the science of making and breaking codes. Bitcoin has inspired hundreds of imitators, but it remains the largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, a distinction it has held throughout its decade-plus history.

(A general note: according to the Bitcoin Foundation, the word "Bitcoin" is capitalized when it refers to the cryptocurrency as an entity, and it is given as "bitcoin" when it refers to a quantity of the currency or the units themselves. Bitcoin is also abbreviated as "BTC." Throughout this article, we will alternate between these usages.)

  • Bitcoin is a digital currency, a decentralized system which records transactions in a distributed ledger called a blockchain.
  • Bitcoin miners run complex computer rigs to solve complicated puzzles in an effort to confirm groups of transactions called blocks; upon success, these blocks are added to the blockchain record and the miners are rewarded with a small number of bitcoins.
  • Other participants in the Bitcoin market can buy or sell tokens through cryptocurrency exchanges or peer-to-peer.
  • The Bitcoin ledger is protected against fraud via a trustless system; Bitcoin exchanges also work to defend themselves against potential theft, but high-profile thefts have occurred.

The Blockchain

Bitcoin is a network that runs on a protocol known as the blockchain. A 2008 paper by a person or people calling themselves Satoshi Nakamoto first described both the blockchain and Bitcoin and for a while the two terms were all but synonymous.

The blockchain​ has since evolved into a separate concept, and thousands of blockchains have been created using similar cryptographic techniques. This history can make the nomenclature confusing. Blockchain sometimes refers to the original, Bitcoin blockchain. At other times it refers to blockchain technology in general, or to any other specific blockchain, such as the one that powers Ethereum​.

The basics of blockchain technology are mercifully straightforward. Any given blockchain consists of a single chain of discrete blocks of information, arranged chronologically. In principle this information can be any string of 1s and 0s, meaning it could include emails, contracts, land titles, marriage certificates, or bond trades. In theory, any type of contract between two parties can be established on a blockchain as long as both parties agree on the contract. This takes away any need for a third party to be involved in any contract. This opens a world of possibilities including peer-to-peer financial products, like loans or decentralized savings and checking accounts, where banks or any intermediary is irrelevant.

While Bitcoin's current goal is a store of value as well as a payment system, there is nothing to say that Bitcoin could not be used in such a way in the future, though consensus would need to be reached to add these systems to Bitcoin. The main goal of the Ethereum project is to have a platform where these "smart contracts" can occur, therefore creating a whole realm of decentralized financial products without any middlemen and the fees and potential data breaches that come along with them.

This versatility has caught the eye of governments and private corporations; indeed, some analysts believe that blockchain technology will ultimately be the most impactful aspect of the cryptocurrency craze.

In Bitcoin's case, though, the information on the blockchain is mostly transactions. 

Bitcoin is really just a list. Person A sent X bitcoin to person B, who sent Y bitcoin to person C, etc. By tallying these transactions up, everyone knows where individual users stand. It's important to note that these transactions do not necessarily need to be done from human to human.

Anything can access and use the Bitcoin network and your ethnicity, gender, religion, species, or political leaning are completely irrelevant. This creates vast possibilities for the internet of things. In the future, we could see systems where self-driving taxis or uber vehicles have their own blockchain wallets. The car would be sent cryptocurrency from the passenger and would not move until funds are received. The vehicle would be able to assess when it needs fuel and would use its wallet to facilitate a refill.

Another name for a blockchain is a "distributed ledger," which emphasizes the key difference between this technology and a well-kept Word document. Bitcoin's blockchain is distributed, meaning that it is public. Anyone can download it in its entirety or go to any number of sites that parse it. This means that the record is publicly available, but it also means that there are complicated measures in place for updating the blockchain ledger. There is no central authority to keep tabs on all bitcoin transactions, so the participants themselves do so by creating and verifying "blocks" of transaction data. See the section on "Mining" below for more information.

You can see, for example, that 15N3yGu3UFHeyUNdzQ5sS3aRFRzu5Ae7EZ sent 0.01718427 bitcoin to 1JHG2qjdk5Khiq7X5xQrr1wfigepJEK3t on August 14, 2017, between 11:10 and 11:20 a.m. The long strings of numbers and letters are addresses, and if you were in law enforcement or just very well-informed, you could probably figure out who controlled them. It is a misconception that Bitcoin's network is totally anonymous although taking certain precautions can make it very hard to link individuals to transactions.

Post-Trust

Despite being absolutely public, or rather because of that fact, Bitcoin is extremely difficult to tamper with. A bitcoin has no physical presence, so you can't protect it by locking it in a safe or burying it in the woods.

In theory, all a thief would need to do to take it from you would be to add a line to the ledger that translates to "you paid me everything you have."

A related worry is double-spending. If a bad actor could spend some bitcoin, then spend it again, confidence in the currency's value would quickly evaporate. To achieve a double-spend the bad actor would need to make up 51% of the mining power of Bitcoin. The larger the Bitcoin network grows the less realistic this becomes as the computing power needed would be astronomical and extremely expensive.

To further prevent either from happening, you need trust. In this case, the accustomed solution with traditional currency would be to transact through a central, neutral arbiter such as a bank. Bitcoin has made that unnecessary, however. (It is probably not a coincidence Satoshi's original description was published in October 2008, when trust in banks was at a multigenerational low. This is a recurring theme in today's coronavirus climate and growing government debt.) Rather than having a reliable authority keep the ledger and preside over the network, the bitcoin network is decentralized. Everyone keeps an eye on everyone else.

No one needs to know or trust anyone in particular in order for the system to operate correctly. Assuming everything is working as intended, the cryptographic protocols ensure that each block of transactions is bolted onto the last in a long, transparent, and immutable chain. 

Mining

The process that maintains this trustless public ledger is known as mining. Undergirding the network of Bitcoin users who trade the cryptocurrency among themselves is a network of miners, who record these transactions on the blockchain. 

Recording a string of transactions is trivial for a modern computer, but mining is difficult because Bitcoin's software makes the process artificially time-consuming. Without the added difficulty, people could spoof transactions to enrich themselves or bankrupt other people. They could log a fraudulent transaction in the blockchain and pile so many trivial transactions on top of it that untangling the fraud would become impossible.

By the same token, it would be easy to insert fraudulent transactions into past blocks. The network would become a sprawling, spammy mess of competing ledgers, and bitcoin would be worthless.

Combining "proof of work" with other cryptographic techniques was Satoshi's breakthrough. Bitcoin's software adjusts the difficulty miners face in order to limit the network to one new 1-megabyte block of transactions every 10 minutes. That way the volume of transactions is digestible. The network has time to vet the new block and the ledger that precedes it, and everyone can reach a consensus about the status quo. Miners do not work to verify transactions by adding blocks to the distributed ledger purely out of a desire to see the Bitcoin network run smoothly; they are compensated for their work as well. We'll take a closer look at mining compensation below.

Halving

As previously mentioned, miners are rewarded with Bitcoin for verifying blocks of transactions. This reward is cut in half every 210,000 blocks mined, or, about every four years. This event is called the halving or the "halvening." The system is built-in as a deflationary one, where the rate at which new Bitcoin is released into circulation.

This process is designed so that rewards for Bitcoin mining will continue until about 2140. Once all Bitcoin is mined from the code and all halvings are finished, the miners will remain incentivized by fees that they will charge network users. The hope is that healthy competition will keep fees low.

This system drives up Bitcoin's stock-to-flow ratio and lowers its inflation until it is eventually zero. After the third halving that took place on May 11th, 2020, the reward for each block mined is now 6.25 Bitcoins.

Hashes

Here is a slightly more technical description of how mining works. The network of miners, who are scattered across the globe and not bound to each other by personal or professional ties, receives the latest batch of transaction data. They run the data through a cryptographic algorithm that generates a "hash," a string of numbers and letters that verifies the information's validity but does not reveal the information itself. (In reality, this ideal vision of decentralized mining is no longer accurate, with industrial-scale mining farms and powerful mining pools forming an oligopoly. More on that below.)

Given the hash 000000000000000000c2c4d562265f272bd55d64f1a7c22ffeb66e15e826ca30, you cannot know what transactions the relevant block (#480504) contains. You can, however, take a bunch of data purporting to be block #480504 and make sure that it has not been tampered with. If one number were out of place, no matter how insignificant, the data would generate a totally different hash. As an example, if you were to run the Declaration of Independence through a hash calculator, you might get 839f561caa4b466c84e2b4809afe116c76a465ce5da68c3370f5c36bd3f67350. Delete the period after the words "submitted to a candid world," though, and you get 800790e4fd445ca4c5e3092f9884cdcd4cf536f735ca958b93f60f82f23f97c4. This is a completely different hash, although you've only changed one character in the original text.

The hash technology allows the Bitcoin network to instantly check the validity of a block. It would be incredibly time-consuming to comb through the entire ledger to make sure that the person mining the most recent batch of transactions hasn't tried anything funny. Instead, the previous block's hash appears within the new block. If the most minute detail had been altered in the previous block, that hash would change. Even if the alteration was 20,000 blocks back in the chain, that block's hash would set off a cascade of new hashes and tip off the network.  

Generating a hash is not really work, though. The process is so quick and easy that bad actors could still spam the network and perhaps, given enough computing power, pass off fraudulent transactions a few blocks back in the chain. So the Bitcoin protocol requires proof of work.

It does so by throwing miners a curveball: Their hash must be below a certain target. That's why block #480504's hash starts with a long string of zeroes. It's tiny. Since every string of data will generate one and only one hash, the quest for a sufficiently small one involves adding nonces ("numbers used once") to the end of the data. So a miner will run [thedata]. If the hash is too big, she will try again. [thedata]1. Still too big. [thedata]2. Finally, [thedata]93452 yields her a hash beginning with the requisite number of zeroes.

The mined block will be broadcast to the network to receive confirmations, which take another hour or so, though occasionally much longer, to process. (Again, this description is simplified. Blocks are not hashed in their entirety, but broken up into more efficient structures called Merkle trees.)

Source: blockchain.info Created with Datawrapper

Depending on the kind of traffic the network is receiving, Bitcoin's protocol will require a longer or shorter string of zeroes, adjusting the difficulty to hit a rate of one new block every 10 minutes. As of October 2019, the current difficulty is around 6.379 trillion, up from 1 in 2009. As this suggests, it has become significantly more difficult to mine Bitcoin since the cryptocurrency launched a decade ago.

Source: blockchain.info Created with Datawrapper

Mining is intensive, requiring big, expensive rigs and a lot of electricity to power them. And it's competitive. There's no telling what nonce will work, so the goal is to plow through them as quickly as possible.

Early on, miners recognized that they could improve their chances of success by combining into mining pools, sharing computing power and divvying the rewards up among themselves. Even when multiple miners split these rewards, there is still ample incentive to pursue them. Every time a new block is mined, the successful miner receives a bunch of newly created bitcoin. At first, it was 50, but then it halved to 25, and now it is 12.5 (about $119,000 in October 2019).

The reward will continue to halve every 210,000 blocks, or about every four years, until it hits zero. At that point, all 21 million bitcoins will have been mined, and miners will depend solely on fees to maintain the network. When Bitcoin was launched, it was planned that the total supply of the cryptocurrency would be 21 million tokens.

The fact that miners have organized themselves into pools worries some. If a pool exceeds 50% of the network's mining power, its members could potentially spend coins, reverse the transactions, and spend them again. They could also block others' transactions. Simply put, this pool of miners would have the power to overwhelm the distributed nature of the system, verifying fraudulent transactions by virtue of the majority power it would hold.

That could spell the end of Bitcoin, but even a so-called 51% attack would probably not enable the bad actors to reverse old transactions, because the proof of work requirement makes that process so labor-intensive. To go back and alter the blockchain, a pool would need to control such a large majority of the network that it would probably be pointless. When you control the whole currency, who is there to trade with?

A 51% attack is a financially suicidal proposition from the miners' perspective. When Ghash.io, a mining pool, reached 51% of the network's computing power in 2014, it voluntarily promised to not exceed 39.99% of the Bitcoin hash rate in order to maintain confidence in the cryptocurrency's value. Other actors, such as governments, might find the idea of such an attack interesting, though. But, again, the sheer size of Bitcoin's network would make this overwhelmingly expensive, even for a world power.

Another source of concern related to miners is the practical tendency to concentrate in parts of the world where electricity is cheap, such as China, or, following a Chinese crackdown in early 2018, Quebec.

Bitcoin Transactions

For most individuals participating in the Bitcoin network, the ins and outs of the blockchain, hash rates and mining are not particularly relevant. Outside of the mining community, Bitcoin owners usually purchase their cryptocurrency supply through a Bitcoin exchange. These are online platforms that facilitate transactions of Bitcoin and, often, other digital currencies.

Bitcoin exchanges such as Coinbase bring together market participants from around the world to buy and sell cryptocurrencies. These exchanges have been both increasingly popular (as Bitcoin's popularity itself has grown in recent years) and fraught with regulatory, legal and security challenges. With governments around the world viewing cryptocurrencies in various ways – as currency, as an asset class, or any number of other classifications – the regulations governing the buying and selling of bitcoins are complex and constantly shifting. Perhaps even more important for Bitcoin exchange participants than the threat of changing regulatory oversight, however, is that of theft and other criminal activity. While the Bitcoin network itself has largely been secure throughout its history, individual exchanges are not necessarily the same. Many thefts have targeted high-profile cryptocurrency exchanges, oftentimes resulting in the loss of millions of dollars worth of tokens. The most famous exchange theft is likely Mt. Gox, which dominated the Bitcoin transaction space up through 2014. Early in that year, the platform announced the probable theft of roughly 850,000 BTC worth close to $450 million at the time. Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy and shuttered its doors; to this day, the majority of that stolen bounty (which would now be worth a total of about $8 billion) has not been recovered.

Keys and Wallets

For these reasons, it's understandable that Bitcoin traders and owners will want to take any possible security measures to protect their holdings. To do so, they utilize keys and wallets.

Bitcoin ownership essentially boils down to two numbers, a public key and a private key. A rough analogy is a username (public key) and a password (private key). A hash of the public key called an address is the one displayed on the blockchain. Using the hash provides an extra layer of security.

To receive bitcoin, it's enough for the sender to know your address. The public key is derived from the private key, which you need to send bitcoin to another address. The system makes it easy to receive money but requires verification of identity to send it. 

To access bitcoin, you use a wallet, which is a set of keys. These can take different forms, from third-party web applications offering insurance and debit cards, to QR codes printed on pieces of paper. The most important distinction is between "hot" wallets, which are connected to the internet and therefore vulnerable to hacking, and "cold" wallets, which are not connected to the internet. In the Mt. Gox case above, it is believed that most of the BTC stolen were taken from a hot wallet. Still, many users entrust their private keys to cryptocurrency exchanges, which essentially is a bet that those exchanges will have stronger defense against the possibility of theft than one's own computer.


When it comes to crypto, I think I know what I am talking about because.....

I come from from a long line of bitcoin miners. My ancestors were all bitcoin miners. My father, grandfather, and great grandfather were all bitcoin miners. It was dangerous work. Deaths in the mines were all too common. My grandfather died in a bitcoin mining accident in 1961.

I remember that, as a child in the 1960's, everybody in the community relied on the mining income. It's the only work there was back then.

We were pretty poor. Bitcoin wasn't worth much, not like today. On the other hand they were much more plentiful and easier to find. When I was a child, a block of 50 bitcoins wasn't hard to find. Those bitcoins could feed an entire family for a week. Sometimes my dad would find two blocks in a week. When that happened we would get to eat meat on a Sunday. But there were also the weeks when he didn't find any, and we would go hungry.

I remember him once coming home pretty happy. He had found a hard fork. He gave us all a big kiss and then handed my mum a big bundle of bitcoin cash. She took us all out for a treat in the movies.

It wasn't a steady income. You never knew if you were going to find any bitcoin. To smooth out the ups and downs my dad eventually joined a mining pool which shared the results amongst its members. It didn't last long. The difficulty was constantly going up and the rewards became less and less.

As I said, it was hard and gruelling work. They didn't use nice clean electricity like they do today. It was hard and dirty work involving sweat and blood.

If you want to know the real meaning of "proof of work", just imagine my father when he came home after a gruelling day down a bitcoin mine. You knew where he had been. The proof was everywhere. His skin and clothes were covered in bitcoin dust. The whole house used to stink of it. I think it was what killed him He was probably constantly inhaling bitcoin dust into his blockchain.

If my father was still alive today, I wonder what he would say, on learning that bitcoin is now worth thousands of dollars.

Anyway, sorry for the above. I do realise that this is not about bitcoin, but rather about moonshots. So here is my prediction of an exciting moonshot. My moonshot crypto is the GET Protocol token ($GET). It's a crypto with a deflationary supply.

It's also a tiny microcap, below $10 million, which means it could easily do 100x.

GET solves the scalping problem which plagues the ticket industry, particularly for pop concerts. Despite Covid's lockdowns, and 99% cancellation of events, there are still more than 1000 GET-powered tokens being issued every day.

Why do I think GET will go to the moon? Simple. There will be more pop concerts once lockdown finishes. That means more demand from ticket issuers and more GET will be burned.


[WTS] HUGE SALE! Help me liquidate my stack!

Verification

Additional transaction Details Below – Liquidating a majority portion of my stack to support my pouring venture and pay off some debt – It’s a lot to price out and I haven’t been selling bullion lately so some or all of the pricing may be inaccurate. If you are interested but feel the price is off make an offer. I’m not here to give anything away (at least not tonight on this sale). I will be updating with more pics at some point, but I really need to get to pouring so I can take on new orders.

LOTS

69 ozt Unique Lot – No two pieces are the exact same - Some Premium, Mostly Generic, Some completely random and low mintage designs - $2415

$94.50FV 40% Kennedy Half Dollar, Some are quite nice, very few are ugly - $900

$6.25FV Nice details but scratched or cleaned in some way Washingtons - $125

$9.50FV Cull/Dateless Standing Liberty Quarters - $190

$11.75FV 35% War Nickels - $360

$4.50FV Cleaned/Tumbled 35% War Nickels - $170

$14FV Ugly, Holed or Cull Morgans - $350

$8FV Ugly, Holed or Cull Peace Dollars - $200

2.2 ozt Fractional 999 - $75

1.4 ozt Sterling – Two Random Commemoratives - $45

Two Ugly ASE, 1990 and 2000 - $72

COLLECTOR SILVER

1 of 3,000 Minted Rubber Duck with (6) 5 g Silver Pez - $125

1 of 5,000 Minted 2019 Fiji 2 ozt Iron Man Mask - $200

1 ozt 999 Chain Mail - $40 – I bought this from someone on here, I don’t remember who. Truthfully I haven’t tested it for purity. Ideally a trusted user with a sigma would buy it so we can verify it

GOLD

(1) 2015 Narrow Reeds, First Releases MS69 NGC 1/10 AGE - $300 each

(2) 2021 1/10 Britannia - $220 each

(1) 2014 Colorado Prospector Gold and Gems 1/10 (spotted) - $210

SILVER

Sealed NGC Early Release Tube of (20) 2017 Niue Darth Vader - $800 each

2018 1 ozt Niue Scrooge McDuck - $40 each

(6) 2020 Niue Mandalorian Mythosaur - $38 each

(4) 1 ozt Aztec Calendar Rounds - $36 each

(4) 1985 Prospector Rounds - $37 each

(8) 1985 Mexican Libertad - $45 each

(12) 2014 First Strike PCGS MS70 ASE - $50 each

(1) 2014 First Strike NGC MS70 ASE - $50 each

(16) APMEX Direct 2020 ASE - $44 each

(7) 2020 ASE - $40 each

(5) APMEX Direct 2019 Australian Kookaburra - $42 each

(4) APMEX Direct 2017 Canadian Maple - $42 each

(5) APMEX Direct 2018 Canadian Maple - $42 each

(5) APMEX Direct 2019 Silver Britannia (Oriental Border) - $42 each

(2) ½ ozt 2018 Perth Year of the Dog - $18 each

2 ozt Vulture Peak Mines Poured Bar - $70 each

(19) 1 ozt Mercury Dime Style Rounds (BU) - $33 each

(40) 1 ozt Sunshine Minting Rounds (Milky) - $32 each

(10) (9) Monarch 2 ozt Chunky Bars - $65 each

90%

(2) $10 FV 1964 Kennedy Half Dollars - $220 each

$5.80FV Mercury Dimes – Poor condition but all have readable dates - $115

92.5%

1000 Grain Franklin Mint Bar (Sterling) - $70 each

Shipments on this sale will be USPS first class for $5 or priority for $8.

Payment by PPFF, Zelle, Venmo, Bitcoin, and ETH (Crypto Preferred!)

Prices are subject to change at any time due to market fluctuations and in the event of a listing error or update.


Paid Signals and their real value

There are more and more people offering 'signals' and 'Telegram groups', 'Direct signals to the bots' for a monthly fee, ranging from 5-10US to 0.1 BTC depending on the seller.

FIRST OF ALL ALWAYS PUT THE BITCOIN ADDRESS OF ANYONE THAT ASKS YOU FOR A PAYMENT IN GOOGLE. There are several websites with a list of BTC addresses of known scammers, with comments on their behavior, etc... IF ON IT, DROP IT.

I have tested a few, and I asked for some others to forward to me the signals they got for a couple of weeks.

If the publicly advertised results are impressive +250% in a month, +400% in a month, the truth is not that.

Some people add the signal percentages, I am not fucking kidding. So Signal 1 gave 10%, Signal 2 gave 20%, Signal 3 -5%, Signal 4 +20% and the 'results per month' become '45%' as an example in the signal provider statistics.

Well it is not quite correct in terms of basic mathematics. Signal percentages do not add up to give the 'profit' per month. Eventually, Signal 1 with profit can be reinvested in Signal 2, then 3, then 4. But most of the time, it is just impossible, and I checked that, just in case. Signal 1 would take 10 days sometimes, the 2 is given 2 days after signal 1, so it is a different investment, etc...

The signals give several things. The current price, the price to buy in a fork, 1-2-3-4 targets, and the stoploss signal.

There are several versions, like 'made with artificial intelligence', or 'with special insider informations', or 'highly skilled analysts'. The truth is that a lot of signals are a one man show, 1 person behind and inside the company. Some may have 2-3 people, but that's the maximum as far as my investigations went ( and I did investigate several very popular ones).

The second truth is that most of them are based on TradingView indicators only, as soon as they wake up as a 'buy' or 'strong buy' for the whole, for one of the 'big 3' of Trading view, or for some of the parameters inside Tradingview, you are good to go! Some will make a chart and put some nice lines, resistance, dildomove, etc... but in fact, depending on the scale of the chart, you can get it to say pretty much anything, goes up, goes down, support level, resistance level. There are many support levels and resistance levels that can be calculated. A few psychological ones are however reall ( 50k for BTC, 1US for ADA are famous, real examples). As well, 'TA' will process sometimes charts of pumped coins, or coins that got some momentum due to special events, or completely artificial curves made by the coin developers to sell a max of coins before folding.

It gives some funny things, to say the least

  • The 'UP' and 'DOWN' are 'oversold' or overbought' so they are part of the signals given. What the fuck, if sometimes a BTCUP or BTCDOWN is over sold or overbought, it is because of the main component, BTC. So you get shit like ETHDOWN 'oversold' when ETH was climbing nonstop and automated signals bought a shitload of ETHDOWN because it was oversold, normal no one would be stupid enough to take ETHDOWN when it was climbing nonstop a couple weeks ago. Those tokens UP/DOWN are by nature very dangerous. As an example you buy ETHDOWN at x when ETH is at 1800. ETH goes to 2000, and back to 1800, ETHDOWN has lost a lot of value already, it is a token, and there is a price erosion. If I remember well, from 1800 (point of wrongly buying ETHDOWN) to 2000, to not loose value on ETHDOWN, ETH had to go down BACK to something like 1600 not to loose money and just get even on it.
  • BTCDOWN was 'overbought' on monday, just when the crash started, so it was not 'recommended' at all. Normal that it was overbought because it allowed to make a profit on the crash of BTC. So, for the UP and DOWN from Binance, the signals are deadly fucking dangerous.
  • The new market coins appear like fuck on the signals, because they are oversold, because the curve is truly nice from the 'beginning' of the curve (sure when they are 1-2-3 days old...). Not many people buying when the initial pumps goes down (normal, people are not idiots), nice very up going down, so... 'OVERSOLD', more FUCKED ALL OVER. Reason, it starts, jumps skyhigh, and goes down like hell. So quite a few signals, from 3 different paid suppliers gave as an example ACM as a sure winner, target of 10 15 20% on the 25th of february. Price was about 17.5. Since that, it crashed nicely to 12.8, without EVER going close to those original7.5. That's what we call being fucked deep. It might be possible that ACM goes to 20, I do not discuss that, in a few days, weeks, or months, but it would be just like playing the lottery, WOW that one is nice, I bid on it, and it will make 10% sooner or later, would give similar odds for a profit, not what people pay for, and not what people want when they play with crypto and do not go to the casino with the same money. As it is a football club token, except extreme pump, it will take a long time before it goes up again. But FUCK I forgot, there were stoplosses in the signal, so no, buy 17,5, stoploss at 14. Nice nearly 20% loss.
  • We have some mysteries, like REEF, it was a grand favorite of the signals, at its peak. EGLD as well. Signals appeared close or at the ATH, buy fast, go up 10-20-25% for the 3 beautiful targets, stoploss. People let the fucking signals on a bot, bought at the ATH, stoploss at 10 15%, automatic sale. Money lost. Was it a total fuck up by the signals, was it to be part of a pump for those coins, mystery, mystery. The world of Signals is very shady, especially as a good surgeon is known, Bill Gates is known, but the persons behind the Signals are usually very well hidden or quite obscure. Some have a kind of 'public profile', so I contacted 1-2. The first question was how many BTC do I want to invest with their signals? Bad question, if I want to play with 10US and pay them 0.05BTC a month for their signals, it is MY problem. not theirs. Photos and names do not mean anything on internet, anyway.
  • Some signals are made to join a pump in progress, so many bots that are configured to take up the signals automatically, such as 3Commas, will pick it up, buy, and join the pump. Even at the 'limit order' price, it is already way too high, and soon down. Those signals always tend to go down by 2-3-4-7% after, and eventually they go up after some hours and days. That is... if you do not configure the Stoploss

It is very clear too that some companies who have a lot of customers for automatic signals have as well customers in the pumpers, who say, well pass that in the signals, it will always make idiots who buy and make volume, help the pump.

People are impressed by the signals because they give a profit in quite a lot of cases. But looking at them well, it can be very obvious, and that's why it fucks up a lot of time too. A curve going up after a down, give a fucking signal, target, the previous up of the curve and bye. Sometimes of course it goes down, and down. REEF at 0.049 was 'logical' as it was low went to 0.056. Well, since that day, REEF never went anywhere close to 0.049, and hitted the stoploss at 0.04 of course.

So basically, playing the lottery or using the signals for 'big' targets is pretty much the same. Signals, like scalping signals, can be 'more reliable for 0.7-1.2% per operation, as long as the Limit order is low enough. But it is possible to do it yourself just looking at the chart, and sometimes, yet it fucks up. A good BNBDOWN when it went slightly down, but goes up like hell, and you will never get your 1% profit, but your 3% or 5% stoploss.

So much for the signals on the 'SPOT' market.

Some are more ambitious, and you can get a much bigger topfuck. They give signals for Futures and DERIBIT. This is then the TOTAL FUCKING LOTTERY in the signals. Losses of 30-200% and more are very common. The game then is that they make a lot of signals, with stoplosses and 'targets', and the average per month will show sometimes huge profits, and many times huge losses. It is again a casino game, put up that, down this, calculate how much those fuckers can loose if I am wrong, then I cannot be wrong all the time, so let's calculate how much here, stoploss here, and if I am lucky they will earn more than they loose at the end of the week or end of the month. So it is pure chance, and you could ask a Bonobo monkey to choose the prices, targets and stoploss for Deribit and Finances, you would be as safe as with the paid signals. Sometimes there are obvious, like well BTC goes down, it goes down again, so let's try 48600 47900 and 47400 for the targets on a short. But for this, you can do it yourself ( and get fucked yourself) for free. Futures/Short/Deribit are deadly, but still signals do give it.

There is another reason too why some signals company give those 3. When there is a profit, it is massive, so the 'average per month' if you 'follow their strategy' can be positive. If they are lucky 3-4 times on Deribit with BTC, and 2-3 times with ETH or XRP, then, it compensates for a lot of 'spot market' signals that fucked up with a 5-10-15% stoploss.

A lot of the signals as well give extremely high results for some of their signals, but it can be related as well to 'trailing', that is quite... random to say the least. So they give a signal with 3 targets, and give the results with 'trailing profit', that was not mentioned in the first place. In truth, they calculate back from the curve what the trailing could have done. Because trailing profit is nice, but sometimes it goes quickly to the target price, then down and down again, and trailing is not activated. Sometimes too for the 'scalping' with 1% profit, a trailing of 0.5% + can make you loose most if not all of the profit ( when the bot does not calculate the trading platform fees, as an example...).

Overall, we see a lot of bots/paid signals combinations that give a total, properly calculated profit of 3%, 5% per month, 2% per month, 2% per week. If you look at the paid signal offer in 3Commas, it is very honestly mentioned ( more than on most signal websites, I have t osay) It looks 'fun and safe' but it is not, because it is an average per month on the last 6 months or 1 year. To make 3% per month, watch ETH or whatever fucking coin go up, use 1/3 of your portfolio, all in when it is sure safe ( like BNB 2 weeks ago, and not yet the BTC crash), wait 30 min, you have your 3% per month in 5 minutes.

So, how does it work really?

The answer is bleak. You CAN reach those wonderful automatic 2,3,5% per month if you use their -signal and bots but on several conditions:

- Some months can be 8%, some others -3%.

- You need to follow their 'strategy' and buy each time they give a signal. At a point, you need many times MUCH more money than your total account, to bring it to 3%. As an example, a lot of the signals need as well to add up when the coin goes down, 1,2,3 times. This is not taken into account, but if you do not do it like that, instead of 5% profit in 5 days, it can be 5% profit in 4 weeks. If you loose 200 or 500% on Binance Futures or Deribit, it is not taken into account immediately, but it is summed up at the end of the month, so you needed more money to continue to follow their signals, as you lost 200% 2-3 times in the month, and earned 1 time 80 and 2-3 times maybe 180 to 220%. Tricky, but it means that you need more money, or you need to spare at least half of your invested money to compensate Deribit and other Stoplosses fuck up. Then the total at the end of the month 'might be' a profit.

However, most signal companies will brag about their 200-300% profit per month, or at least 30-40% per month, It is simply not true ( removing the Deribit, but you better play the lottery if you follow such signals!).

To increase your portfolio in a less risky way, and after all with the same result, assuming you do not want or do not have the time to check and think each trad yourself, you have too options that I found work well

TradingView Buy/Strong Buy signals. In truth, that's what a lot of signals companies sell to you, with 'targets' and 'stoplosses' added.

CQS Scalping is working very well for 1% target, it is quite fast. For 2% targets it can take longer time, set up a stoploss at 3% in both cases.

In ALL cases blacklist in your bots ALL the UP AND DOWN. They are high risk and most of the time fuck up when they are given by signals.

The best is to look yourself at the curves, RSI, see a bit the 'trend' of the curves, and have realistic targets. A lot of the 'big spikes' are in fact pumps by a group of people, sometimes the coin largest owners/developers, sometimes a whale, so in both cases, do not have any FOMO because most are totally unpredictible, like FIO right now in progress

About the 'pump and dump' 'signals' they are always a scam, coins are bought before by the organizers, then they are sold to everyone that participate in the pump at the fixed time. Everyone is instructed to buy at market price, then 'make a sell wall', 'start the fomo in the groups', 'promote the coin'. It is of course total bullshit, the only thing that happens is that the organizers made before a sell wall, anyone who enters buys at market price, that goes up like hell in 1 minute, because no one other than the organizers is selling, and by the time 20-30 seconds have been spent, people realize it starts to go down. End of the story, and the coin never goes back to its high levels. NEVER buy anything at market price when people tell you to do so, otherwise you buy from them, at the price they like to have.

Another pump and dump scam is to promote heavily a coin on many places, Reddit, forums, GRindr, Telegram, as a 'genius coin', like EGLD. REEF, and many minor coins. Then people buy progressively a shitcoin at the price the organizers/developers want it, over some days. It goes up, as the organizers arrange a bot to get the prices up and up, then after a while, it just crashes, and byebye. In some cases, they decide to make a SECOND slow pump, it is time to sell the coins

DOGE was another coin ( that was fucking a lot of signals as well, at 0.06 0.07 entry point, and 10-20% target profit, and maybe my ass is a mortar?), that is bot piloted, to generate FOMO. People simply buy it, and it goes down to a lower level, then the organizers make it pump, people buy it, etc... It was fun and high risk to buy at around 0.04xxx and put 10-20% profit, it worked. But maybe next time, it does not, and it goes down to 0.035. People take the risk they want anyway.

Another useful tool when using signals and internet recommendation is a traffic cone. I give below the example of its use, it is very high tech.

Typical paid signal and paid pump and dump users after a few weeks of commitment.


Cryptocurrency Adoption by US Corporations

I would like to share a timeline of public companies investing in cryptocurrencies (not directly related to cryptocurrencies in the first place)

Sometime in August 2020 - MicroStrategy (MSTR) buys Bitcoin, CEO Michale Taylor is a big advocate of Bitcoin.

October 8 2020 - Square (SQ) Announces invest of 50 Million in Bitcoin. CFO says “We believe that bitcoin has the potential to be a more ubiquitous currency in the future”

December 20 2020 - Michael Taylor reaches Musk on Twitter about the possibility of converting “large transactions” of Tesla Inc balance sheet into bitcoin.

Sometime in January 2021 - Tesla (TSLA) buys $1.5 in bitcoin

Feb 4 & 5 2021 - MSTR hosts an event called “Bitcoin for Corporations” where they motivate companies to buy bitcoin.

Feb 8 2021 - Tesla Announces that bought BTC in January and will start accepting Bitcoin as payment

Estimates on Stock Increase (Decrease) since adoption / BTC Increase (decrease)

MSTR 430% / 325%

SQ 22% / 366%

TSLA (15)% / 45%

Bitcoin and stocks that adopted Bitcoin 6 months comparison

Were are in the beginning of major adoption of crypto and the movement we saw by those corporations was only on BTC. They are not even taking about other coins! We are moving in the right direction and price volatility does not matter. From the corporation adoption of crypto things are looking great.


Hi, I’m Chaz

Hello! I’m new and have not yet participated on LDP. I’ve been working on a character - Chaz Montgomery - and was hoping to introduce him and get any feedback or suggestions anyone has. All helpful criticism welcomed!

Chaz Montgomery is a 36 y/o male who works in the shoe rental department of the Bowl O’Rama. He lives with his mother whom he takes care of in a large Victorian style house. He is a bit eccentric and does strange things sometimes. He also likes to use props (usually food) when making a point:

holds up water bottle filled with strawberries

The references he makes are sometimes lost on the audience. Chaz’s father died years ago. Mother’s version of events had him eaten by a lion, though one had never been spotted in LDP back then. Chaz also has a doppelganger named Chez Bluntgomery, who lives by the Pier and mostly keeps to himself. They may or may not be blood-related. Chaz has never liked Chez and his nickname for Chez is Carl Dumbgomery.

Chaz and his mother rarely leave the house these days, and rarely entertain company even though Chaz relishes a surprise visit. Because of the seclusion and living on the slope of a hill, he’s been brainstorming ways to work from home, such as delivering shoes using a system of catapults. This, and his suggestion that the Bowl O’Rama switch to only accepting bitcoin as payment has mostly fallen on deaf ears with senior management.

^ More details in the works, but it’s the vibe I’m going for.


Why Bitcoin Has More Intrinsic Value Than Gold

(This applies to potentially any crypto, not just bitcoin, but I use bitcoin as the example because it's the leader just now, but I believe bitcoin is more going to be for wealth storage and large purchases like houses, rather than regular purchases)

Let's look at why gold became so intrinsically valuable.

Today, it's actually very valuable and useful for a lot of technological applications, however..

Originally it was valuable because you could melt it down and make ornaments.

That's it. It's not that gold is something with magical properties.

Water is far more useful than gold, but water is abundant.

So gold became used as coins because of 3 things :-

1) It's useful. You can make pretty objects out of it.

2) It has limited supply.

3) It's an agreed upon medium of exchange.

You could add a 4 here which is

4) It could easily be melted into coins to exchange easily.

Now let's look at bitcoin.

It has 2. It's limited supply.

It has 3.

It has 4.

But does it have 1?

Yes.

Look at the world today. This is a technological world. It's becoming even more connected and technologically based.

People value digital things VERY highly. Just look at mobile games. People will pay large amounts of physical currency for digital items for their games.

Almost everything for us today is digital. Netflix, movies, music, games, services, applications. It's in every industry.

So what's more useful for a digital world. A physical metal, or a crypto currency?

Moving beyond bitcoin crypto currencies have so many benefits like smart contracts that allow them to be integrated into applications.

We are a digital race of people in 2021. This is what most fail to understand when they say bitcoin and crypto has no value.

We can also take this a step further if you look a little further into the future.

Right now, physical things are unique, and digital are not.

This will change.

It's possible to "3D print", or rather combine molecules now, but they're not able to do it automatically. AI is changing this though, and as 3d printing and AI advance we will reach a point, not too far off, where we will be able to 3d print molecules.

Right now 3d printers just connect a base material.

There are more advanced 3d printers that can create compounds. Soon it'll be molecules.

At that point, physical things will have almost no value. When we can print gold from its base molecules, gold loses all value.

The things that will become valuable are energy, and this is where crypto becomes killer. You can create non-fungible tokens to represent something digital making it unique. Crypto currencies are unique and can't be cloned like physical things.

This is why crypto is absolutely inevitable and will be the sole way to trade. You can store, exchange, integrate it into applications, create smart contracts to automatically distribute crypto based on events. For example, you could walk into a store and that initiates a smart contract with the store, you can just put something in your pocket and walk out and that will trigger completion of the contract and the payment will be automatically sent to the store with your crypto currency.

You could setup investments with smart contracts where people could automatically get payouts. You could setup a website with 3 other people and each person automatically gets paid under certain conditions. You could have the contract include things that need to be fulfilled by each party or they don't get paid. Maybe 1 person has to write 50k words of content a month and upload it to the site, and that content has to be unique and meet other requirements, otherwise they don't get paid. The applications are limitless.

Anyway. I just thought I'd share some of my thoughts of the future and why I believe bitcoin, and crypto currencies do have intrinsic value. While right now it may be less than gold, as each year passes that shifts, and eventually they will far surpass any physical medium of exchange until eventually gold becomes worthless.


Why I believe VGX is an incredibly solid alt coin to buy and HODL 'til the end of this bull run

VGX token has had the highest return of any crypto currency YTD, including Bitcoin as you can see here: https://www.blockchaincenter.net/altcoin-season-index/ (scroll down about halfway). It's increased over 3900%.

So what is VGX token?

VGX is the native, utility token for the Voyager app. Voyager is a crypto broker. Because they are a broker they connect to multiple exchanges. They're like the Hotels.com for crypto coins. They charge no fees and no commission. Like other brokers, they make their money on the spread. They are also publicly traded so regularly release reports on profits, growth, AUM etc (more on that later).

They also offer interest on the crypto you hold with them. 5.5% on BTC. 8.5% on USDC. 7% on the VGX token. You don't need to stake or lock up the tokens to earn this interest, either.

And, because they're a broker, if an exchange goes down they just route you through to another exchange, giving you constant access to the market.

So how does VGX fit into all this?

As I mentioned, VGX is the native token to Voyager. So what does it do? Well, Voyager recently announced their upcoming loyalty program which requires users to hold certain amounts of the VGX token to qualify for bonuses and rewards. The current levels are 500 VGX, 5,000 VGX and 20,000 VGX and these levels will be reviewed quarterly.

Here are some of the benefits holding VGX give users of the Voyager app:

  • An interest rate booster on the crypto you hold, up to an extra 1.25%.
  • Cashback every time you buy or sell on the app.
  • No fees on the Voyager debit card.
  • Cashback every time you use the Voyager debit card.
  • High referral rewards.
  • Lower withdrawal fees.
  • Access to the new desktop app.
  • Cashback whenever you use their new Send-To-A-Friend feature (think Venmo for crypto).
  • Loads more...

As you can see, holding the VGX token is a no-brainer for users of the app. The interest boosts alone are huge, even without all the other rewards. The utility of this token is through the roof.

So if it's already increased nearly 4000%, why would I buy it now?

Good question. As we know, alt-coins react to news events surrounding them. It just so happens that Voyager and VGX have a LOT of key events coming over the next few months that will directly impact the price of the token.

Here are some of the upcoming events that will boost VGX's value:

  • Voyager currently only operates in 49 US States. They are soon to roll out to both Europe and Canada, opening up their potential market by nearly 800m people.
  • They are soon to launch Crypto to Stock trading. This is a game-changer. Users will be able to buy traditional stock like Apple and Tesla directly with BTC or other crypto.
  • Currently, due to the token they inherited in the past, Voyager token is listed as BQX on Binance. This has prevented many people outside of the app from even knowing how to purchase the token. This is due to be updated to VGX in the next month or so meaning the token will be listed as VGX across all exchanges.
  • They are launching margin trading on the app soon.
  • The new loyalty program has been announced but not yet implemented. When users realise they can earn 7% on VGX they hold, 8.5% on USDC, 5.5% on BTC, 4% on ETH etc without staking or locking up their tokens, there will be a huge surge to the app.
  • They have scaled at an incredible rate. Over the Robinhood fiasco weekend, then signed up 1,000 new customers a minute. They scaled their framework over the last month or so and will soon be able to support 100m concurrent users.
  • They have raised an incredible amount of capital recently and because they are publicly traded, they release monthly reports on their growth, profit, AUM etc. Every time this happens the stock and token go up.
  • They will soon release their new Venmo system allowing users to send crypto to other users, off the blockchain with zero fees, instantly.
  • They will soon release their Voyager Vault, an enhanced version of the Ethos wallet they inherited - a self-custody wallet for all users.
  • They will allow all holders of VGX, regardless of whether or not you can access the app or not, the ability to earn the 7% interest via a Metamask based web-portal that launches soon.
  • The company is run by an incredibly experienced team. Former CEO of E-Trade and Lightspeed Financial Stephen Ehrlich as well as former CTO of Uber Oscar Salazar to name but two.
  • They have designed an app that is focused on retail investors. It's simple to use. It's easy to use. It's intuitive. Because they are publicly traded they have to abide by all regulations, making them a safe choice for new customers to the crypto space, and as you know, there are a LOT of them this bull run.

So what are the price predictions for VGX at the end of the year?

VGX currently costs $6.63 at time of writing. That's mainly down to BTC's dip (a great time to buy). There are a number of predictions for VGX come the end of the year from reputable sources across the market that all range from $35-$75. I personally see it hitting at least $50 by EOY.

HOWEVER the EOY price isn't the only reason this is the best token to hold. Remember, you will earn 7% compound interest on all the VGX you have and there is no minimum amount to qualify. You could hold 1 VGX and qualify for the interest. Let's say VGX hits $25 and you hold 5,000 tokens. That's an extra $1440 a month just for holding on to your VGX for the first year. That's passive income.

In my opinion, holding this token is a no-brainer. There is a limited supply, the company is experiencing incredible growth and the utility of the token is through the roof.

Obviously DYOR, this is not financial advice, it's just my opinion!

TLDR: This token has grown 3900% already making it the biggest gainer YTD of any crypto currency, including BTC. It should hit anywhere between $35-$75 by the end of the year and you will earn 7% compound interest a month just by holding the token. No staking. No lockups. No brainer.